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1860 Western North Carolina Census Data
(North Carolina comprised 86 counties in 1860; presently there are 100 counties)
Western
North Carolina comprised 18 counties in 1860. In 1861, however, Western North Carolina added 3 "mountain counties." Although created after the 1860
census, the 3 newly formed mountain counties were carved from existing counties so they had no impact on the
1860 population.
The
3 newly formed counties in 1861:
Clay
County (formed from part of Cherokee County), Mitchell County (formed from parts of Burke County, Caldwell County, McDowell
County, Watauga County, and Yancey County), and Transylvania County (formed from parts of Henderson County and Jackson
County).
Sources: University of Virginia Library; United States Census
|
County |
Total Pop.
|
White |
Free
Blacks |
Slaves |
|
Alleghany |
3590
|
3351 |
33 |
206 |
|
Ashe |
7956
|
7423 |
142
|
391 |
|
Buncombe |
12654 |
10610 |
111
|
1933 |
|
Burke |
9237
|
6645 |
221
|
2371 |
|
Caldwell |
7497
|
6295 |
114
|
1088 |
|
Cherokee* |
9166
|
8609 |
38 |
519 |
|
Haywood |
5801
|
5474 |
14
|
313 |
|
Henderson |
10448
|
8981 |
85
|
1382 |
|
Jackson** |
5515
|
4179 |
6
|
268 |
|
Macon* |
6004 |
5370 |
115 |
519 |
|
Madison
|
5908 |
5678 |
17 |
213 |
|
McDowell |
7120 |
5542 |
273 |
1305 |
|
Polk* |
4043 |
3317 |
106 |
620 |
|
Rutherford |
11573 |
9059 |
123 |
2391 |
|
Surry |
10380 |
8950 |
184 |
1246 |
|
Watauga |
4957
|
4772 |
81 |
104 |
|
Wilkes |
14749 |
13280 |
261 |
1208 |
|
Yancey |
8655 |
8226 |
67 |
362 | Total 145,253** 125,761
1,991 16,439
* The 1860 census does not include the Cherokees in Cherokee, Macon, and Polk counties. In 1860,
however, additional census records reflect 26 Cherokees in Cherokee County, 55 Cherokees in Macon County, and 5 Cherokees in Polk County.
** The 1860 census includes the 1062 Cherokees in Jackson County.
Recommended Reading: Map
Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790-1920. Description: The county has always been
used as the basic Federal census unit. Genealogical research in the census, therefore, begins with identifying the correct
county jurisdictions. This work shows all U.S. county boundaries from 1790 to 1920. On each of the nearly 400 maps the old
county lines are superimposed over the modern ones to highlight the boundary changes at ten-year intervals. Continued below...
Also included are (1) a history of census growth; (2) the technical facts about each census; (3) a discussion
of census accuracy; (4) an essay on available sources for each state's old county lines; and (5) a statement with each map
indicating which county census lines exist and which are lost. Then there is an index listing all present-day counties, plus
nearly all defunct counties or counties later renamed. With each map there is data on boundary changes, notes
about the census, and locality finding keys. There also are inset maps that clarify territorial lines, a state-by-state bibliography
of sources, and an appendix outlining pitfalls in mapping county boundaries. The detail in this work is exhaustive and of
such impeccable standards that there is little wonder why this award-winning publication is the number one tool in U.S. census
research.
Recommended
Reading: Western
North Carolina: A History from 1730 to 1913 (Hardcover: 679 pages). Description: From
the introduction to the appendix, this volume is filled with interesting information. Covering seventeen counties—Alleghany,
Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania,
Watauga, and Yancey—the author conducted about ten years searching and gathering materials. Continued below...
About
the Author: John Preston Arthur was born in
1851 in Columbia,
South Carolina. After relocating to Asheville,
North Carolina, in 1887, he was appointed Secretary of the Street Railway Company,
and subsequently the Manager and Superintendent until 1894. Later, after becoming a lawyer, he was encouraged by the
Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) to write a history of western
North Carolina.
Recommended
Reading: The Civil War in North Carolina:
Soldiers' and Civilians' Letters and Diaries, 1861-1865. Volume 2: The Mountains (Civil War in North Carolina) (Hardcover). Description:
As with The Civil War in North Carolina: Soldiers' and Civilians' Letters
and Diaries, 1861-1865. Vol. 1: The Piedmont, this work presents letters and diary entries (and a few other documents) that tell the experiences of soldiers and
civilians from the mountain counties of North Carolina during
the Civil War. The counties included are Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee,
Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Macon,
Madison, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania,
Watauga, Wilkes, and Yancey. The book is arranged chronologically, 1861 through 1865. Before each letter or diary entry, background
information is provided about the writer. Continued below...
The Civil War
in North
Carolina: Soldiers' and Civilians' Letters and Diaries, 1861-1865 (Volume 2): The Mountains, is the
soldier's story. It is an A-to-Z compilation of what the "rank and file soldier" experienced during the American Civil War.
The Western North Carolina soldiers express their hearts to their loved ones and friends,
thus allowing the reader the most intimate and personal view of the war. From triumph to tragedy, the "soldiers' letters"
express what few authors or writers can achieve--realism. According to cartographic and demographic studies, Southern
Appalachia comprised a unique indigenous people, and by isolating these rare letters it allows the reader the
most detailed insight to their experiences. The soldier experienced various traumatic stressors in the conflict: such as witnessing
death or dismemberment, handling dead bodies, traumatic loss of comrades, realizing imminent death, killing others and being
helpless to prevent others' deaths. Plain, raw and to the point: The reader will
witness the most detailed insight to the so-called American Civil War. Intimate and personal: diseases, privation, wounds,
loneliness, exhaustion, heartache, and death are all explored.
Recommended
Reading:
Touring the Western North Carolina Backroads (Touring the Backroads). Editorial Review: This guidebook, unlike most, is so encyclopedic in scope that I give it as a gift to newcomers
to the area. It is also an invaluable reference for the visitor who wants to see more than the fabulous Biltmore Estate. Even
though I am a native of the area, I learned nearly everything I know about Western North Carolina
from this book alone and it is my primary reference. I am still amazed at how much fact, history and folklore [just enough
to bring alive the curve of the road, the odd landmark, the abandoned building] is packed in its 300 pages. The author, who
must have collapsed from exhaustion when she finished it, takes you on a detailed tour, laid out by the tenth of the mile,
of carefully drawn sections of backroads that you can follow leisurely without getting lost. Continued below...
The author
is completely absent from the text. The lucid style will please readers who want the facts, not editorial comment. This book,
as well as the others in this publisher's backroads series, makes an excellent gift for anyone, especially the many seniors
who have relocated, or are considering relocating to this fascinating region. “It is also a valuable reference for natives…”
Recommended
Reading: Bushwhackers, The Civil War
in North Carolina: The Mountains (338 pages). Description: Trotter's
book (which could have been titled "Murder, Mayhem, and Mountain Madness") is an epic backdrop for the most horrific
murdering, plundering and pillaging of the mountain communities of western North Carolina during the state’s darkest
hour—the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as Southern Appalachia, the North Carolina
and East Tennessee mountains witnessed divided loyalties in its bushwhackers and guerrilla
units. These so-called “bushwhackers” even used the conflict to settle old feuds and scores, which, in some cases,
continued well after the war ended. Continued below...
Some bushwhackers
were highly organized ‘fighting guerrilla units’ while others were a motley group of deserters and outliers,
and, since most of them were residents of the region, they were familiar with the terrain and made for a “very formidable
foe.” In this work, Trotter does a great job on covering the many facets of the bushwhackers, including their: battles,
skirmishes, raids, activities, motives, the outcome, and even the aftermath. This book is also a great source for tracing
ancestors during the Civil War; a must have for the family researcher of Southern Appalachia.
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