Battle of Big Bethel Map |
|
Bethel Civil War Battlefield Map |
First North Carolina Infantry
Report of Col. D. H. Hill, First North Carolina Infantry.
SIR: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to orders from the colonel
commanding, I marched on the 6th instant, with my regiment and four pieces of
Maj. Randolph's battery, from Yorktown, on the Hampton road, to Bethel Church, nine miles from Hampton.
We reached there after dark on a wet night, and slept without tents. Early
on the morning of the 7th I made a reconnaissance of the ground, preparatory to fortifying. I found a breach for Back River
on our front, and encircling our right flank. On our left was a dense and almost impassable wood, except about one hundred
and fifty yards of old field. The breadth of the road, a thick wood, and narrow cultivated field covered our rear. The
nature of the ground determined me to make an inclosed work, and I had the invaluable aid of Lieut.-Col. Lee, of my
regiment, in its plan and construction. Our position had the inherent defect of being commanded by an immense field immediately
in front of it, upon which the masses of the enemy might be readily deployed. Presuming that an attempt would be made
to carry the bridge across the stream, a battery was made for its especial protection, and Maj. Randolph placed his guns so
as to sweep all the approaches to it. The occupation of two commanding eminences beyond the creek and on our right would
have greatly strengthened our position, but our force was too weak to admit of the occupation of more than one for them.
A battery was laid out on it for one of Randolph's howitzers. We had only twenty-five spades, six axes, and three picks,
but these were busily plied all day and night of the 7th and all day on the 8th. On the afternoon of the I earned that
a marauding arty of the enemy was within a few miles of us. I called for a party of third-four men to drive them back.
Lieut. Roberts, of Company F, of my regiment, promptly responded, and in five minutes his command was en route. I detached
Maj. Randolph with one howitzer to in them, and Lieut.-Col. Lee, First Regiment North Carolina Volunteers, requested
and was granted permission to take command of the whole. After a march of five miles they came across the marauders busy
over the spoils of a plundered house. A shell soon put the plunderers to flight, and they were chased over New Market
Bridge, where our little force was halted, in consequence for the presence of considerable body situated on the other side.
Lieut.-Col. Lee brought in one prisoner. How many of the enemy were killed and wounded is not known. None of our command
was hurt. Soon after Lieut.-Col. Lee left a citizen came dashing in with the information that seventy-five marauders were
on the Back River road. I called for Capt. McDowell's company (E), of the First Regiment of North Carolina Volunteers,
and in three minutes it was in hot pursuit. Lieut. West, of the Howitzer Battalion, with one piece, was detached to join
them, and Maj. Lane, of my regiment, volunteered to assume command of the whole. After a wary march they encountered, dispersed,
and chased the wretches over the New Market Bridge--this being the second race on the same day over the New Market course,
in both of which the Yankees reached the goal first. Maj. Lane brought in one prisoner. Reliable citizens reported that two
cart loads and one buggy load of wounded, were taken into Hampton. We had not a single man killed or wounded. Col. Magruder
came up that evening assumed command.
On Sunday, the 9th, a fresh supply of tools enabled us to put more men to work,
and when not engaged in religious duties, the men worked vigorously on the in entrenchments. We were aroused at 3 o'clock
on Monday morning for a general advance upon the enemy, and marched three and a half miles, when we learned that the
foe, in large force, was within a few hundred yards of us. We fell back hastily upon our entrenchments, and awaited the
arrival of our invaders. Lieut.-Col. Stuart, of the Third Regiment, having come with some one hundred and eighty men,
was stationed on the hill on the extreme right, beyond the creek and Company G, of my regiment was also thrown over
the stream to protect the howitzer under Capt. Brown. Capt. Bridges, of Company A, First North Carolina Regiment took
post in the dense woods beyond and to the left of the road. Maj. Montague, with three companies of his battalion, was
ordered up from the rear, and took post on our right, beginning a the church and extending along the entire front on that
side. This fine body of men and the gallant command of Lieut.-Col. Stuart worked with great rapidity, and in hour constructed
temporary shelters, against the enemy's fire. Just at 9 o'clock a.m. The heavy columns of the enemy were seen approaching
rapidly and in good order, but when Randolph opened upon them at 9.15 their organization was completely broken up. The
enemy promptly replied with his artillery, firing briskly but wildly. He made an attempt at deployment on our right of
the road, under cover of some houses and a paling. He was, however, promptly driven back by our artillery, a Virginia
company--the Life Guards--and Companies B and G of my regiment. The enemy attempted no deployment within musketry range
during the day, except under cover of woods fences, or paling. Under cover of the trees he moved a strong column to an
old ford, some three-quarters of a mile below, where I had placed a picket of some forty men. Col. Magruder sent Capt.
Werth's company, of Montague's command, with one howitzer, under Sergeant Crane, to drive back this column, which was
done by a single shot from the howitzer. Before this a priming wire had been broken in the vent of the howitzer commanded
by Capt. Brown, and rendered it useless.
A force estimated at one thousand five hundred was now attempting to outflank us
and get in the rear of Lieut.-Col. Stuart's small command. He was accordingly directed to fall back, and the whole of our
advanced troops were withdrawn. At this critical moment I directed Lieut.-Col. Lee to call Capt. Bridgers out of the swamp,
and ordered him to reoccupy the nearest advanced work, and I ordered Capt. Ross, Company C, First Regiment North
Carolina Volunteers, to the support of Lieut.-Col. Stuart. These two captains, with their companies, crossed over to Randolph's
battery, under a most heavy fire, in a most gallant manner. As Lieut.-Col. Stuart had withdrawn, Capt. Ross was detained
at the church, near Randolph's battery. Capt. Bridgers, however, crossed over and drove the zouaves out of the advanced
howitzer battery, and reoccupied it. It is impossible to overestimate this service. It decided the action in our favor.
In obedience to orders from Col. Magruder, Lieut.-Col. Stuart marched back,
and in spite of the presence of a foe ten times his superior in number, resumed in the most heroic manner possession
of his entrenchments. A fresh howitzer was carried across and place in the battery and Capt. Avery, of Company G, was directed to
defend it at all hazards.
We were now as secure as the beginning of the fight, and as yet had no man
killed. The enemy, finding himself foiled on our right flank, next made his final demonstration on our left. A strong
column, supposed to consist of volunteers from different, and under command of Capt. Winthrop, aide-de-camp to Gen. Butler,
crossed over the creek and appeared at the angle on our left. Those in advance had put on our distinctive badge of a
white band around the cap, and they cried out repeatedly, ''Don't fire.'' This ruse was practiced to enable the whole column
to get over the creek and form in good order. They now began to cheer most lustily, thinking that our work was open at
the gorge, and that they could get in by a scudded rush. Companies B and C, however, dispelled the illusion by a cool,
deliberate, and well directed fire. Col. Magruder sent over portions of Companies G, C, and H of my regiment to our support
and now began as cool firing on our side as was ever witnessed.
The three field officers of the regiment were present and but grew shots were fired
without their permission, the men repeatedly saying, ''May I fire? ''I think I can bring him.'' They were all in high glee,
and seemed to enjoy it as much as boys do rabbit-shooting. Capt. Winthrop, while most gallantly urging on his men, was
shot through the heart, when all rushed back with the utmost precipitation. So far as my observation extended he was the
only one of the enemy who exhibited even an approximation to courage during the whole day.
The fight at the angle lasted but twenty minutes. It completely discouraged the
enemy, and he made no further effort at assault. The house in front, which had several as a hiding place for the enemy,
was now fired by a shell from a howitzer, and the outhouses and palings were soon in a blaze. As all shelter was now
taken from him, the enemy called in his troops, and started back for Hampton. As he had left sharpshooters behind him in
the woods on our left, the dragoons could not advance until Capt. Hoke, of Company K, First North Carolina Volunteers,
that thoroughly explored them. As soon as he gave the assurance of the road being clear, Capt. Douthatt, with some one hundred
dragoons, in compliance wit Col. Magruder's orders, pursued. The enemy in his haste threw away hundreds of canteens, haversacks,
overcoats, &c.; even the dead were thrown out of the wagons. The pursuit soon became a chase, and for the third
time the enemy won the race over the New Market course. The bridge was torn up behind him and our dragoons returned to
camp. There were not quite eight hundred of my regiment engaged in the fight, and not one-half of these drew trigger
during the day. All remained manfully at the posts assigned them and not a man in the regiment behaved badly. The companies
not engaged were as much exposed and rendered equal service with those participating in the fight. They deserve equally
the thanks of the country. In fact, if is the most trying ordeal to which soldiers can be subjected, to receive a fire
which their orders forbid them to return. Had a single company left its post our works would have been exposed; and
the constancy and discipline of the unengaged companies cannot be too highly commended. A detachment of fifteen cadets
from the North Carolina Military Institute defended the howitzer under Lieut. Hudnall, and acted with great coolness
and determination.
I cannot speak in too high terms of my two fields officers, Lieut.-Col. Lee
and Maj. Lane. Their services have been of the highest importance since taking the field to the present moment. My
thanks, too, are due, in an especial manner, to Lieut. J. M. Poteat, adjutant, and Lieut. J. W. Ratchford aide, both of
them cadets of the North Carolina Institute at Charlotte. The latter received a contusion in the forehead from a grape
shot, which nearly cost him his life. Capt. Bridgers' Company, A; Lieut. Owens, commanding Company B; Capt. Ross, Company
C; Capt. Ashe, Company D; Capt. McDowell, Company E; Capt. Starr, Company F; Capt. Avery, Company G; Capt. Huske, Company
H; Lieut. Whittaker, commanding Company I; Capt. Hoke, Company K, displayed great coolness, judgment, and efficiency. Lieut.
Gregory is highly spoken of by Maj. Lane for soldierly bearing on the 8th. Lieuts. Cook and McKethan Company H, crossed
over under a heavy fire to the assistance of the troops attacked on the left. So did Lieut. Cohen, Company C. Lieut. Hoke
has shown great zeal, energy, and judgment as an engineer officer on various occasions.
Corporal George Williams, Privates Henry L, Wyatt, Thomas Fallan, and John
Thorpe, Company A, volunteered to burn the house which concealed the enemy. They behaved with great gallantry. Wyatt
was killed and the other three were recalled.
Sergeant Thomas J. Stewart and Private William McDowell, Company A, reconnoitered
the position of the enemy, and went far in advance of our troops. Private J. W. Potts, of Company B, is specially mentioned
by his company commander; so are Sergeant William Elmo, Company C; Sergeants C. L. Watts, W. H. McDade, Company D; Sergeant
J. M. Young, Corporal John Dingler, Privates G. H. A. Adams, R. V. Gudger G. W. Werly, John C. Wright, T. Y. Little,
J. F. Jenkins, Company E; R. W. Stedman, M. E. Dye, H. E. Benton, J. B. Smith, Company F; G. W. Buhmann, James C. McRae,
Company H.
Casualties.--Private Henry L. Wyatt, Company K, mortally wounded; Lieut. J.
W. Ratchford, contusion; Private Council Rodgers, Company H, severely wounded; Private Charles Williams, Company H,
severely wounded; Private S. Patterson, Company D, slightly wounded; Private William White, Company K, wounded; Private
Peter Poteat, Company G, slightly wounded.
I cannot close this too elaborate report without speaking in the highest terms
of admiration of the Howitzer Battery and its most accomplished commander, Maj. Randolph. He has no superior as an artillerist
in any country, and his men displayed the utmost skill and coolness. The left howitzer, under Lieut. Hudnall, being nearest
my works, came under my special notice. Their names are as follows:
Lieut. Hudnall, commanding (wounded), Sergeant B. S. Hughes, G. H. Pendleton,
R. P. Pleasants, William M. Caldwell, George W. Hobson, William McCarthy, H. C. Shook (wounded) L. W. Timberlake, George
P. Hughes, John Worth (wounded), D. B. Clark.
Permit Regiment North Carolina Volunteers. Their patience under trial, perseverance
under toil, and courage under fire have seldom been surpassed by veteran troops. Often working night and day--sometimes
without tents and cooking utensil--a murmur has never escaped them to my knowledge. They have done a large portion of the
work on the entrenchments at Yorktown, as well as those a Bethel. Had all of the regiments in the field worked with the same
spirit, there would not be an assailable point in Virginia. After the battle they shook hands affectionately with the spades,
calling them ''clever fellows and good friends.''
The men are influenced by high moral and religious sentiments, and their conduct
has furnished another example of the great truth that he who fears God will ever do his duty to his country.
The confederates had in all about one thousand two hundred men in the action.
The enemy had the regiments of Col. Duryea (zouaves), Col. Carr, Col. Allen, Col. Bendix, and Col. Wardrop (Massachusetts),
from Old Point Comfort, and five companies of Phelps; regiment from Newport New. We had never more than three hundred actively
engaged at any one time. The Confederate loss was eleven wounded; of these, one mortally. The enemy must have lost some three
hundred. I could not, without great disparagement of their courage, place their loss at a lower figure. It is inconceivable
that five thousand men should make so precipitate a retreat without having sustained at least this much of a reserves.
Let us devoutly thank the living God for His wonderful interposition in our
favor, and evidence, our gratitude by the exemplariness of our lives.
With great respect,
D. H. HILL, Col. First Regiment North Carolina Volunteers.
Col. J. B. MAGRUDER, Commander York Line.
1861 Virginia Civil War Battlefield Map |
|
1861 Civil War Virginia Map |
Source: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, CHAP.
IX. ENGAGEMENT AT BIG BETHEL, VA. PAGE 93-2 [Series I. Vol. 2. Serial No. 2.]
Advance to:
Recommended Reading:
More Terrible than Victory: North Carolina's Bloody Bethel Regiment, 1861-65 (368 Pages). Description:
Craig Chapman presents the definitive history of the
First North Carolina Volunteers / 11th Regiment North Carolina Troops--the legendary Bethel Regiment. The 1st North Carolina
Volunteers struck history as it engaged in the Civil War's first land battle and witnessed the first soldier killed in the
great conflict. Chapman conveys the compelling history of these brave men as they left hearth and home in defense of their
state, beliefs and ideals. Most of the unit's raw, young recruits had never traveled outside of North Carolina, nor fired a weapon in combat. Continued below...
"That all changed, and it dramatically changed their lives forever..." After
an enlistment of six months, North Carolina's First Regiment disbanded. Most of the men then enlisted in the Eleventh
NC Regiment, commonly referred to as the Bloody Bethel Regiment, and fought
in the bloodiest battles and campaigns of the Civil War.
About
the Author: Craig S. Chapman commands one
of the North Carolina National Guard infantry battalions that traces its lineage to the Eleventh Regiment North Carolina Troops,
the unit that started out as the First North Carolina Volunteers and nicknamed the Bethel Regiment. Chapman resides in Raleigh, North Carolina.
|