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Battle of Vicksburg
Union Order of Battle

ORGANIZATION OF UNION FORCES
VICKSBURG ORDER OF BATTLE

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

Escort
Company A, 4th Illinois Cavalry, Capt. Embury D. Osband

Engineers
1st Battalion, Engineer Regiment of the West, Maj. William Tweeddale

THIRTEENTH CORPS

Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand (relieved)
Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. Ord

Escort
Company L, 3d Illinois Cavalry, Capt. David R. Sparks

Pioneers
Independent Company, Kentucky Infantry, Capt. William F. Patterson

NINTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Peter Osterhaus (w)
Brig. Gen. Albert L. Lee
Brig. Gen. Peter Osterhaus

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. Theophilus T. Garrard
Brig. Gen. Albert L. Lee
Col. James Keigwin

118th Illinois, Col. John G. Fonda
49th Indiana, Col. James Keigwin, Maj. Arthur J. Hawhe, Lt. Col. Joseph H. Thornton
69th Indiana, Col. Thomas W. Bennett, Lt. Col. Oran Perry
7th Kentucky, Maj. H.W. Adams, Lt. Col. John Lucas, Col. Reuben May
120th Ohio, Col. Marcus M. Spiegel

2d Brigade
Col. Lionel A. Sheldon
Col. Daniel Lindsey

54th Indiana, Col. Fielding Mansfield
22d Kentucky, Lt. Col. George W. Monroe
16th Ohio, Capt. Eli W. Botsford, Maj. Milton Mills
42d Ohio, Lt. Col. Don A. Pardee, Maj. William H. Williams, Col. Lionel Sheldon
114th Ohio, Col. John Cradlebaugh, (w), Lt. Col. John H. Kelly

Cavalry

2d Illinois (5 Companies), Lt. Col. Daniel B. Bush, Jr.
3d Illinois Cavalry (3 Companies), Col. John L. Campbell
6th Missouri Cavalry (7 Companies), Col. Clark Wright

Artillery
Capt. Jacob T. Foster

7th Michigan Light Artillery, Capt. Charles H. Lanphere
1st Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Lt. Charles B. Kimball, Lt. Oscar F. Nutting

TENTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Andrew J. Smith

Escort
Company C, 4th Indiana Cavalry, Capt. Andrew P. Gallagher

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. Stephen G. Burbridge

16th Indiana, Col. Thomas J. Lucas, Maj. James H. Redfield
60th Indiana, Col. Richard Owen
67th Indiana, Lt. Col. Theodore E. Buehler
83d Ohio, Col. Frederick W. Moore
96th Ohio, Col. Jsoeph W. Vance
23d Wisconsin, Col. Joshua J. Guppey, Lt. Col. William F. Vilas

2d Brigade
Col. William J. Landrum

77th Illinois, Col. David P. Grier
97th Illinois, Col. Friend S. Rutherford, Lt. Col. Lewis D. Martin
130th Illinois, Col. Nathaniel Niles
19th Kentucky, Lt. Col. John Cowan, Maj. M. V. Evans (k), Capt. Josiah J. Mann
48th Ohio, Lt. Col. Job R. Parker (w), Col. Peter Sullivan, Capt. J.W. Lindsey

Artillery

Chicago Merchantile Battery, Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Patrick H. White
17th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. Ambrose A. Blount, Capt. Charles S. Rice

TWELFTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Alvin P. Hovey

Escort
Company C, 1st Indiana Cavalry, Lt. James L. Carey

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. George F. McGinnis
Col. William T. Spicely

11th Indiana, Col. Daniel Macauley (w), Lt. Col. William W. Darnell
24th Indiana, Col. William T. Spicely (w), Lt. Col. R.F. Barter
34th Indiana, Col. Robert A. Cameron, Lt. Col. William Swaim (mw), Maj. Robert A. Jones, Col. Robert A. Cameron
46th Indiana, Col. Thomas H. Bringhurst
29th Wisconsin, Col. Charles R. Gill, Lt. Col. William A. Greene

2d Brigade
Col. James R. Slack

87th Illinois, Col. John E. Whiting
47th Indiana, Lt. Col. John A. McLaughlin
24th Iowa, Col. Eber C. Byam, Lt. Col. John Q. Wilds
28th Iowa, Col. John Connell
56th Oho, Col. William H. Raynor

Artillery

Company A, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. George W. Schofield
2d Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Lt. Augustus Beach
16th Battery Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. James A. Mitchell (mw), Lt. George Murdock, Lt. Russell P. Twist

FOURTEENTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Eugene A. Carr

Escort
Company G, 3d Illinois Cavalry, Capt. Enos McPhial (k), Capt. Samuel S. Marrett

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. William P. Benton
Col. Henry D. Washburn
Col. David Shunk

33d Illinois, Col. Charles E. Lippincott (w),
99th Illinois, Col. George W.K. Bailey
8th Indiana, Col. David Shunk, Maj. Thomas J. Brady
18th Indiana, Col. Henry D. Washburn, Capt. Jonathan H. Williams
1st U.S. Infantry (Siege Guns), Maj. Maurice Maloney

2d Brigade
Col. Charles L. Harris
Col. William M. Stone
Brig. Gen. Michael K. Lawler

21st Iowa Infantry, Col. Samuel Merrill (w), Lt. Col. Cornelius W. Dunlap (k), Maj. Salue G. Van Anda
22d Iowa, Col. William M. Stone (w), Lt. Col. Harvey Graham (w and c), Maj. Joseph B. Atherton, Capt. Charles N. Lee
23d Iowa, Col. William H. Kinsoman (k), Col. Samuel L. Glasgow
11th Wisconsin, Lt. Col. Charles A. Wood, Col. Charles L. Harris, Maj. Arthur Platt

Artillery

Company A, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Lt. Frank B. Fenton, Capt. Peter Davidson
1st Battery, Indiana Light Artillery, Capt. Martin Klauss

FIFTEENTH CORPS

Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman

FIRST DIVISION

Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele

1st Brigade
Col. Francis H. Manter
Col. Bernard G. Farrar

13th Illinois, Col. Adam B. Gorgas
27th Missouri, Col. Thomas Curly
29th Missouri, Col. James Peckham
30th Missouri, Lt. Col. Otto Schadt
31st Missouri, Col. Thomas C. Fletcher, Maj. Frederick Jaensch, Lt. Col. Samuel P. Simpson
32d Missouri, Maj. Abraham J. Seay

2d Brigade
Col. Charles R. Woods

25th Iowa, Col. George A. Stone
31st Iowa, Col. William Smith
3d Missouri, Lt. Col. Theodore M. Meumann
12th Missouri, Col. Hugo Wangelin
17th Missouri, Col. Francis Hassendeubel (mw), Lt. Col. John F. Cramer
76th Ohio, Lt. Col. William B. Woods

3d Brigade
Brig. Gen. John M. Thayer

4th Iowa, Col. James A. Williamson, Lt. Col. George Burton
9th Iowa, Maj. Don A. Carpenter, Capt. Frederick S. Washburn (k), Col. David Carskaddon
26th Iowa, Col. Milo Smith
30th Iowa, Col. Charles H. Abbott (k), Lt. Col. William M.G. Torrence

Cavalry

Kane County (Illinois) Company, Lt. Thomas J. Beebe
Company D, 3d Illinois Cavalry, Lt. Jonathan Kershner

Artillery

1st Battery, Iowa Light Artillery, Capt. Henry H. Griffiths
Company F, 2d Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. Clemens Landgraeber
4th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. Louis Hoffmann

SECOND DIVISION

Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, Jr.

1st Brigade
Col. Giles A. Smith

113th Illinois, Col. George B. Hoge, Lt. Col. John W. Paddock
116th Illinois, Col. Nathan W. Tupper
6th Missouri, Lt. Col. Ira Boutell, Col. James H. Blood
8th Missouri, Lt. Col. David C. Coleman
13th United States, Capt. Edward Washington (mw), Capt. Charles Ewing, Capt. Charles C. Smith

2d Brigade
Col. Thomas Kilby Smith
Brig. Gen. Joseph A.J. Lightburn

55th Illinois, Col. Oscar Malmborg
127th Illinois, Col. Hamilton N. Eldridge
83d Indiana, Col. Benjamin J. Spooner
54th Ohio, Lt. Col. Cyrus W. Fisher
57th Ohio, Col. Americus V. Rice (w), Lt. Col. Samuel R. Mott

3d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Hugh Ewing

30th Ohio, Lt. Col. George H. Hildt, Col. Theodore Jones
37th Ohio, Lt. Col. Louis von Blessingh (w), Maj. Charles Hipp, Col. Edward Siber
47th Ohio, Col. Augustus C. Parry
4th West Virginia, Col. James H. Dayton

Cavalry

Companies A and B, Thielemann's (Illinois) Battalion, Capt. Milo Thielemann
Company C, 10th Missouri Cavalry, Capt. Daniel W. Ballou, Lt. Benjamin Joel

Artillery

Company A, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Peter P. Wood
Company B, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Samuel E. Barrett, Lt. Israel P. Rumsey
Company H, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Levi W. Hart
8th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. James F. Putnam

THIRD DIVISION

Brig. Gen. James M. Tuttle

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. Ralph P. Buckland
Col. William L. McMillen

114th Illinois, Col. James W. Judy
93d Indiana, Col. De Witt C. Thomas
72d Ohio, Lt. Col. Le Roy Crockett (w), Maj. Charles G. Eaton
95th Ohio, Col. William L. McMillen, Lt. Col. Jefferson Brumback

2d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Joseph A. Mower

47th Illinois, Col. John N. Cromwell (k), Lt. Col. Samuel R. Baker
5th Minnesota, Col. Lucius F. Hubbard
11th Missouri, Col. Andrew J. Weber (mw), Lt. Col. William L. Barnum
8th Wisconsin, Col. George W. Robbins

3d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Charles L. Matthies
Col. Joseph J. Woods

8th Iowa, Col. James L. Geddes
12th Iowa, Col. Joseph J. Woods, Lt. Col. Samuel R. Edington
35th Iowa, Col. Sylvester G. Hill

Cavalry

4th Iowa, Lt. Col. Simeon D. Swan

Artillery
Capt. Nelson T. Spoor

Company E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Allen C. Waterhouse
2d Battery, Iowa Light Artillery, Lt. Joseph R. Reed

SEVENTEENTH CORPS

Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson

Escort
4th Company Ohio Cavalry, Capt. John S. Foster

THIRD DIVISION

Maj. Gen. John A. Logan

Escort
Company A, 2d Illinois Cavalry, Lt. William B. Cummins

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. John E. Smith
Brig. Gen. Mortimer D. Leggett

20th Illinois, Lt. Col. Evan Richards (k), Maj. Daniel Bradley
31st Illinois, Col. Edwin S. McCook (w), Lt. Col. John D. Rees (mw), Maj. Robert N. Pearson
45th Illinois, Col. Jasper A. Maltby
124th Illinois, Col. Thomas J. Sloan
23d Indiana, Lt. Col. William P. Davis

2d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Elias S. Dennis
Brig. Gen. Mortimer D. Leggett
Col. Manning F. Force

30th Illinois, Lt. Col. Warren Shedd
20th Ohio, Col. Manning F. Force, Capt. Francis M. Shaklee
68th Ohio, Lt. Col. John S. Snook (k), Col. Robert K. Scott
78th Ohio, Lt. Col. Greenberry F. Wiles

3d Brigade
Brig. Gen. John D. Stevenson

8th Illinois, Col. John P. Post, Lt. Col. Robert H. Sturgess
17th Illinois, Lt. Col. Francis M. Smith, Maj. Frank F. Peats
81st Illinois, Col. James J. Dollins (k), Lt. Col. Franklin Campbell
7th Missouri, Maj. Edwin Wakefield, Lt. Col. William S. Oliver (w), Capt. Robert Buchanan, Capt. William B. Collins
32d Ohio, Col. Benjamin F. Potts

Artillery
Maj. Charles J. Stolbrand

Company D, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Henry A. Rogers (k), Lt. George J. Wood, Capt. Frederick Sparrestrom
Company G, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Frederick Sparrestrom, Lt. John W. Lowell
Company L, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. William H. Bolton
8th Battery, Michigan Light Artillery, Capt. Samuel De Golyer (mw), Lt. Theodore W. Lockwood
3d Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. William S. Williams
Yost's Independent Ohio Battery, Capt. T. Yost

SIXTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. John McArthur

Escort
Company G, 1st Illinois Cavalry, Lt. Stephen S. Tripp

2d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Thomas E.G. Ransom

11th Illinois, Lt. Col. Garrett Nevins (k), Lt. Col. James H. Coates
72d Illinois, Col. Frederick A. Starring
95th Illinois, Col. Thomas W. Humphrey (w), Lt. Col. Leander Blanden
14th Wisconsin, Col. Lyman M. Ward
17th Wisconsin, Lt. Col. Thomas McMahon, Col. Adam G. Malloy

3d Brigade
Col. William Hall
Col. Alexander Chambers

11th Iowa, Lt. Col. John C. Abercrombie, Col. William Hall
13th Iowa, Col. John Shane
15th Iowa, Col. William W. Belknap
16th Iowa, Maj. W. Purcell, Lt. Col. Addison H. Sanders

Artillery
Maj. Thomas D. Maurice

Company F, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. John W. Powell
1st Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery, Lt. Henry Hunter, Capt. William Z. Clayton
Company C, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. Charles Mann
10th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. Hamilton B. White, Lt. William L. Newcomb

SEVENTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Marcellus M. Crocker
Brig. Gen. Isaac F. Quinby
Brig. Gen. John E. Smith

Escort Company F, 4th Missouri Cavalry, Lt. Alexander Mueller

1st Brigade
Col. John B. Sanborn

48th Indiana, Col. Norman Eddy
59th Indiana, Col. Jesse I. Alexander
4th Minnesota Infantry, Lt. Col. John E. Tourtellotte
18th Wisconsin, Col. Gabriel Bouck

2d Brigade
Col. Samuel Holmes
Col. Green B. Raum

56th Illinois, Col. Green B. Raum, Capt. Pickney J. Welsh
17th Iowa, Col. David B. Hillis, Col. Clark R. Weaver, Maj. John F. Walden
10th Missouri, Lt. Col. Leonidas Horney (k), Maj. Francis C. Deimling
Company E, 24th Missouri, Lt. Daniel Driscoll
80th Ohio, Col. Matthias H. Bartilson, Maj. Prentis Metham

3d Brigade
Col. George B. Boomer (k)
Col. Holden Putnam

93d Illinois, Col. Holden Putnam, Lt. Col. Nicholas C. Buswell
5th Iowa, Lt. Col. Ezekial S. Sampson, Col. Jabez Banbury
10th Iowa, Col. William E. Small
26th Missouri, Capt. Benjamin D. Dean

Artillery
Capt. Frank C. Sands
Capt. Henry Dillion

Company M, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Lt. Junius W. MacMurray
11th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Lt. Fletcher E. Armstrong
6th Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Capt. Henry Dillon, Lt. Samuel F. Clark
12th Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Capt. William Zickerick

NINTH CORPS (Detachment)

Maj. Gen. John G. Parke

FIRST DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Thomas Welsh

1st Brigade
Col. Henry Bowman

36th Massachusetts, Lt. Col. John B. Norton
17th Michigan, Lt. Col. Constant Luce
27th Michigan, Col. Dorus M. Fox
45th Pennsylvania, Col. John I. Curtin

3d Brigade
Col. Daniel Leasure

2d Michigan, Col. William Humphrey
8th Michigan, Col. Frank Graves
20th Michigan, Lt. Col. W. Huntington Smith
79th New York, Col. David Morrison
100th Pennsylvania, Lt. Col. Mathew M. Dawson

Artillery

Company D, 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Capt. G.W. Durell

SECOND DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Robert B. Potter

1st Brigade
Col. Simon G. Griffin

6th New Hampshire, Lt. Col. Henry H. Pearson
9th New Hampshire, Col. Herbert B. Titus
7th Rhode Island, Col. Zenas R. Bliss

2d Brigade
Brig. Gen. Edward Ferrero

35th Massachusetts, Col. Sumner Carruth
11th New Hampshire, Lt. Col. Moses N. Collins
51st New York, Col. Charles W. LeGendre
51st Pennsylvania, Col. John F. Hartranft

3d Brigade
Col. Benjamin C. Christ

39th Massachusetts, Lt. Col. Joseph H. Barnes
46th New York, Col. Joseph Gerhardt
50th Pennsylvania, Lt. Col. Thomas S. Brenholtz

Artillery

Company L, 2d New York Light Artillery, Capt. Jacob Roemer

Corps Artillery

Company E, 2d U.S. Artillery, Lt. Samuel N. Benjamin

SIXTEENTH CORPS

Maj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn

FIRST DIVISION

Brig. Gen. William Sooy Smith

Escort
Company B, 7th Illinois Cavalry, Capt. Henry C. Forbes

1st Brigade
Col. John M. Loomis

26th Illinois, Maj. John B. Harris
90th Illinois, Col. Timothy O'Meara
12th Indiana, Col. Reuben Williams
100th Indiana, Lt. Col. Albert Heath

2d Brigade
Col. Stephen G. Hicks

40th Illinois Maj. Hiram W. Hall
103d Illinois, Col. Willard A. Dickerman
15th Michigan, Col. John M. Oliver
46th Ohio, Col. Charles C. Walcutt

3d Brigade
Col. Joseph R. Cockerill

97th Indiana, Col. Robert F. Catterson
99th Indiana, Col. Alexander Fowler
53d Ohio, Col. Wells S. Jones
70th Ohio, Maj. William B. Brown

4th Brigade
Col. William W. Sanford

48th Illinois, Lt. Col. Lucien Greathouse
6th Iowa, Col. John M. Corse

Artillery
Capt. William Cogswell

Company F, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. John T. Cheney
Company I, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Lt. William N. Lansing
Cogswell's Battery, Illinois Light Artillery, Lt. Henry G. Eddy
6th Battery, Indiana Light Artillery, Capt. Michael Muller

FOURTH DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Jacob Lauman

1st Brigade
Col. Isaac Pugh

41st Illinois, Lt. Col. John H. Nale
53d Illinois, Lt. Col. Seth C. Earl
3d Iowa, Col. Aaron Brown
33d Wisconsin, Col. Jonathan B. Moore

2d Brigade
Col. Cyrus Hall

14th Illinois, Lt. Col. William Cairn, Capt. Augustus H. Corman
15th Illinois, Col. George C. Rogers
46th Illinois, Col. Benjamin Dornblaser
76th Illinois, Col. Samuel T. Busey
53d Indiana, Col. Walter Q. Gresham

3d Brigade
Col. George E. Bryant
Col. Amory K. Johnson

28th Illinois, Maj. Hinman Rhodes
32d Illinois, Col. John Logan, Lt. Col. William Hunter
12th Wisconsin, Lt. Col. DeWitt C. Poole, Col. George E. Bryant

Cavalry

Companies F and I, 15th Illinois, Maj. James G. Wilson

Artillery

Capt. George C. Gumbart

Company E, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Lt. George L. Nispel
Company K, 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Capt. Benjamin F. Rodgers
5th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Lt. Anthony Burton
7th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. Silas A. Burnap
15th Battery Ohio Light Artillery, Capt. Edward Spear, Jr.

PROVISIONAL DIVISION

Brig. Gen. Nathan Kimball

Engelmann's Brigade
Col. Adolph Engelmann

43d Illinois, Lt. Col. Adolph Dengler
61st Illinois, Maj. Simon P. Ohr
106th Illinois, Maj. John M. Hunt
12th Michigan, Col. William H. Graves

Richmond's Brigade
Col. Jonathan Richmond

18th Illinois, Col. Daniel H. Brush
54th Illinois, Col. Greenville M. Mitchell
126th Illinois, Maj. William W. Wilshire
22d Ohio, Col. Oliver Wood

Montgomery's Brigade
Col. Milton Montgomery

40th Iowa, Col. John A. Garrett
3d Minnesota, Col. Chauncey W. Griggs
25th Wisconsin, Lt. Col. Samuel J. Nasmith
27th Wisconsin, Col. Conrad Krez

HERRON'S DIVISION

Maj. Gen. Francis J. Herron

1st Brigade
Brig. Gen. William Vandever

37th Illinois, Col. John C. Black
26th Indiana, Col. John G. Clark
20th Iowa, Col. William McE. Dye
34th Iowa, Col. George W. Clark
38th Iowa, Col. Henry Hughes
Company E, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. Nelson Cole
Company F, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. Joseph Foust

2d Brigade
Brig. Gen. William W. Orme

94th Illinois, Col. John McNulta
19th Iowa, Lt. Col. Daniel Kent
20th Wisconsin, Col. Henry Bertram
Company B, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Capt. Martin Welfley

Unattached Cavalry
Col. Cyrus Bussey

5th Illinois Cavalry, Maj. Thomas A. Apperson
3d Iowa Cavalry (six companies), Maj. Oliver H.P. Scott
4th Iowa Cavalry, Lt. Col. Simneon D. Swan
2d Wisconsin Cavalry (seven companies), Col. Thomas Stephens

DISTRICT OF NORTHEAST LOUISIANA

Brig. Gen. Jeremiah C. Sullivan
Brig. Gen. Elias S. Dennis

Detached Brigsde
Col. George W. Neeley

63d Illinois, Col. Joseph B. McCown
108th Illinois, Lt. Col. Charles Turner
120th Illinois, Col. George W. McKeaig
131st Illinois, Col. George W. Neeley, Maj. Joseph L. Purvis
10th Illinois Cavalry (4 companies), Maj. Elvis P. Shaw

African Brigade
(Post of Milliken's Bend)
Col. Isaac F. Shephard
Col. Hermann Leib
Lt. Col. Charles J. Paine

8th Louisiana (African Descent), Col. Hiram Scofield
9th Louisiana (African Descent), Col. Hermann Lieb, Maj. Erastus N. Owens, Lt. Col. Charles J. Paine
11th Louisiana (African Descent), Col. Edwin W. Chamberlain, Lt. Col. Cyrus Sears
13th Louisiana (African Descent), Lt. H. Knoll
1st Mississippi (African Descent), Lt. Col. A. Watson Webber
3d Mississippi (African Descent), Col. Richard H. Ballinger

 

(Post of Goodrich's Landing)
Col. William F. Wood

1st Arkansas (African Descent), Lt. Col. James W. Campbell
10th Louisiana (African Descent), Lt. Col. Frederick M. Crandall

Post of Lake Providence
(1st Brigade, 6th Division, XVII Corps)
Brig. Gen. Hugh T. Reid

1st Kansas, Col. William Y. Roberts
16th Wisconsin, Col. Benjamin Allen

Legend:
 
k = killed
w = wounded
c = captured

Sources: Vicksburg National Military Park; Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies

Recommended Reading: Vicksburg: The Campaign That Opened the Mississippi (Civil War America). Description: When Confederate troops surrendered Vicksburg on July 4, 1863--the day after the Union victory at Gettysburg--a crucial port and rail depot for the South was lost. The Union gained control of the Mississippi River, and the Confederate territory was split in two. In a thorough yet concise study of the longest single military campaign of the Civil War, Michael B. Ballard brings new depth to our understanding of the Vicksburg campaign by considering its human as well as its military aspects. Continued below.

Ballard examines soldiers' attitudes, guerrilla warfare, and the effects of the campaign and siege on civilians in and around Vicksburg. He also analyzes the leadership and interaction of such key figures as U.S. Grant, William T. Sherman, John Pemberton, and Joseph E. Johnston, among others. Blending strategy and tactics with the human element, Ballard reminds us that while Gettysburg has become the focal point of the history and memory of the Civil War, the outcome at Vicksburg was met with as much celebration and relief in the North as was the Gettysburg victory, and he argues that it should be viewed as equally important today.

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Recommended Reading: Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg. Description: The Battle of Champion Hill was the decisive land engagement of the Vicksburg Campaign. The May 16, 1863, fighting took place just 20 miles east of the river city, where the advance of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Federal army attacked Gen. John C. Pemberton's hastily gathered Confederates. Continued below.

The bloody fighting seesawed back and forth until superior Union leadership broke apart the Southern line, sending Pemberton's army into headlong retreat. The victory on Mississippi's wooded hills sealed the fate of both Vicksburg and her large field army, propelled Grant into the national spotlight, and earned him the command of the entire U.S. armed forces. Timothy Smith, who holds a Ph.D. from Mississippi State and works as a historian for the National Park Service, has written the definitive account of this long overlooked battle. His vivid prose is grounded upon years of primary research and is rich in analysis, strategic and tactical action, and character development. Champion Hill will become a classic Civil War battle study.

 

Recommended Reading: TRIUMPH AND DEFEAT: The Vicksburg Campaign, Volume 2 (Hardcover). Description: The study of the Civil War in the Western Theater is more popular now than ever, and the center of that interest is the months-long Vicksburg Campaign, which is the subject of National Park Historian Terrence J. Winschel's new book Triumph and Defeat: The Vicksburg Campaign, Vol 2. Following the popular success of his earlier book of the same name, Winschel offers ten new chapters of insights into what has been declared by many to have been the most decisive campaign of the Civil War. Designed to appeal to both general readers and serious students, Winschel's essays cover a wide range of topics, including military operations, naval engagements, leading personalities, and even a specific family caught up in the nightmarish 47-day siege that nearly cost them their lives. Continued below...

Smoothly written and deeply researched, these fresh chapters offer balanced and comprehensive analysis written with the authority that only someone who has served as Vicksburg's Chief Historian since 1978 can produce. Bolstered by photographs, illustrations, and numerous outstanding original maps, this second volume in the Triumph and Defeat series will stand as a lasting contribution to the study of the Civil War. About the author: Winschel is author of many books, including Triumph and Defeat: The Vicksburg Campaign (1998, 2004), Vicksburg is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River (2003), Vicksburg: Fall of the Confederate Gibraltar (1999), and The Civil War Diary of a Common Soldier (2000). Terry is also a popular speaker on the Civil War Round Table circuit and has made frequent appearances on the History Channel. He lives in Vicksburg, where he works as the battlefield's chief historian.

 

Recommended Reading: Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River (Great Campaigns of the Civil War). Description: The struggle for control of the Mississippi River was the longest and most complex campaign of the Civil War. It was marked by an extraordinary diversity of military and naval operations, including fleet engagements, cavalry raids, amphibious landings, pitched battles, and the two longest sieges in American history. Every existing type of naval vessel, from sailing ship to armored ram, played a role, and military engineers practiced their art on a scale never before witnessed in modern warfare. Union commanders such as Grant, Sherman, Farragut, and Porter demonstrated the skills that would take them to the highest levels of command. Continued below...

When the immense contest finally reached its climax at Vicksburg and Port Hudson in the summer of 1863, the Confederacy suffered a blow from which it never recovered. Here was the true turning point of the Civil War. This fast-paced, gripping narrative of the Civil War struggle for the Mississippi River is the first comprehensive single-volume account to appear in over a century. Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River tells the story of the series of campaigns the Union conducted on land and water to conquer Vicksburg and of the many efforts by the Confederates to break the siege of the fortress. William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel present the unfolding drama of the campaign in a clear and readable style, correct historic myths along the way, and examine the profound strategic effects of the eventual Union victory.

 

Recommended Reading: Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders (Hardcover). Description: More than forty years after its original publication, Ezra J. Warner’s Generals in Blue is now available in paperback for the first time. Warner’s classic reference work includes intriguing biographical sketches and a rare collection of photos of all 583 men who attained the rank of general in the Union Army. Here are the West Point graduates and the political appointees; the gifted, the mediocre, and the inexcusably bad; those of impeccable virtue and those who abused their position; the northern-born, the foreign-born, and the southerners who remained loyal to the Union. Continued below...

Warner’s valuable introduction discusses the criteria for appointment and compares the civilian careers of both Union and Confederate generals, revealing striking differences in the two groups. Generals in Blue is that rare book—an essential volume for scholars, a prized item for buffs, and a biographical dictionary that the casual reader will find absorbing.

 

Recommended Reading: Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862. Review: The bloody and decisive two-day battle of Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862) changed the entire course of the American Civil War. The stunning Northern victory thrust Union commander Ulysses S. Grant into the national spotlight, claimed the life of Confederate commander Albert S. Johnston, and forever buried the notion that the Civil War would be a short conflict. The conflagration at Shiloh had its roots in the strong Union advance during the winter of 1861-1862 that resulted in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee. Continued below.

The offensive collapsed General Albert S. Johnston advanced line in Kentucky and forced him to withdraw all the way to northern Mississippi. Anxious to attack the enemy, Johnston began concentrating Southern forces at Corinth, a major railroad center just below the Tennessee border. His bold plan called for his Army of the Mississippi to march north and destroy General Grant's Army of the Tennessee before it could link up with another Union army on the way to join him. On the morning of April 6, Johnston boasted to his subordinates, "Tonight we will water our horses in the Tennessee!" They nearly did so. Johnston's sweeping attack hit the unsuspecting Federal camps at Pittsburg Landing and routed the enemy from position after position as they fell back toward the Tennessee River. Johnston's sudden death in the Peach Orchard, however, coupled with stubborn Federal resistance, widespread confusion, and Grant's dogged determination to hold the field, saved the Union army from destruction. The arrival of General Don C. Buell's reinforcements that night turned the tide of battle. The next day, Grant seized the initiative and attacked the Confederates, driving them from the field. Shiloh was one of the bloodiest battles of the entire war, with nearly 24,000 men killed, wounded, and missing. Edward Cunningham, a young Ph.D. candidate studying under the legendary T. Harry Williams at Louisiana State University, researched and wrote Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862 in 1966. Although it remained unpublished, many Shiloh experts and park rangers consider it to be the best overall examination of the battle ever written. Indeed, Shiloh historiography is just now catching up with Cunningham, who was decades ahead of modern scholarship. Western Civil War historians Gary D. Joiner and Timothy B. Smith have resurrected Cunningham's beautifully written and deeply researched manuscript from its undeserved obscurity. Fully edited and richly annotated with updated citations and observations, original maps, and a complete order of battle and table of losses, Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862 will be welcomed by everyone who enjoys battle history at its finest. Edward Cunningham, Ph.D., studied under T. Harry Williams at Louisiana State University. He was the author of The Port Hudson Campaign: 1862-1863 (LSU, 1963). Dr. Cunningham died in 1997. Gary D. Joiner, Ph.D. is the author of One Damn Blunder from Beginning to End: The Red River Campaign of 1864, winner of the 2004 Albert Castel Award and the 2005 A. M. Pate, Jr., Award, and Through the Howling Wilderness: The 1864 Red River Campaign and Union Failure in the West. He lives in Shreveport, Louisiana. About the Author: Timothy B. Smith, Ph.D., is author of Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg (winner of the 2004 Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Non-fiction Award), The Untold Story of Shiloh: The Battle and the Battlefield, and This Great Battlefield of Shiloh: History, Memory, and the Establishment of a Civil War National Military Park. A former ranger at Shiloh, Tim teaches history at the University of Tennessee.

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