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Battle of Chancellorsville
Summary of the Principal Events
| April 29, 1863 |
Skirmishes at crook's Run and
Germanna Ford |
| April 29 - May 2, 1863 |
Operations at Franklin's Crossing,
or Deep Run, near Fredericksburg |
| April 29 - May 2, 1863 |
Operations at Pollock's Mill Creek
(White Oak Run), or Fitzhugh's Crossing Near Fredericksburg |
| April 30 |
Skirmishes at and near Chancellorsville |
| |
Skirmish near Spotsylvania Court House |
| May 1-3, 1863 |
Battle of Chancellorsville |
| May 2, 1863 |
Skirmish at Ely's Ford |
| May 3-4, 1863 |
Battle of Fredericksburg (or Marye's
Heights) and Salem Church (or Salem Heights), and near Banks's Ford. |
| May 4-6, 1863 |
Skirmishes along the lines. |
Recommended
Reading: Chancellorsville,
by Stephen W. Sears. Description: Chancellorsville was one of the
Civil War's pivotal campaigns, a great victory for the South that also led directly to the death of top Confederate general
Stonewall Jackson. It hasn't generated the amount of literature devoted to most major Civil War battles, largely because John
Bigelow's 1910 classic, The Campaign of Chancellorsville, seemed for years to offer the last word. But Sears, employing a
mix of published and unpublished primary accounts to buttress secondary studies, manages to offer more than one new word in
a thoroughly engaging text. Continued below...
Most notable
is his use of Union military intelligence reports to show how General Joseph Hooker was fed a stream of accurate information
about Robert E. Lee's troops; conversely, Sears points out the battlefield communications failures that hampered the Union
army at critical times. He also examines the roles of Hooker and his corps commanders, finding that half of the latter poorly
served their commander during the campaign. Regarding the Confederate command, Sears analyzes Lee's faulty intelligence and
his relationships with his subordinates. Throughout, he highlights Lee's marvelous good luck, as well as his army's tenacious
fighting capability. One of the book's three appendices explores several of the battle's "romances", e.g., Jackson's
wounding, Alfred Pleasonton's false stories, while two other appendices present orders of battle and casualties. A model campaign
study, Sears's account of Chancellorsville is likely to remain the standard for years to
come… It also includes numerous previously non-published maps and photos.
Recommended
Reading: Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville:
The Dare Mark Campaign (Great Campaigns
of the Civil War) (Hardcover). From Kirkus Reviews: A broadly researched, finely detailed, and well-written analysis of the
connections linking two pivotal battles in the early part of the Civil War, by Sutherland (Seasons of War; 1995, etc.). The
author pairs the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, which took place on the southern side of the Rappahannock
River in Virginia, and refers to them jointly as the ``Dare Mark'' campaign. (A Confederate soldier referred to the Rappahannock as the dare mark because Union armies dared not cross the river.) Sutherland combines minute
strategic scrutiny with a deep knowledge of the personalities involved, notably, Lee and Jackson for the South, and Halleck,
Burnside, and Hooker for the North. Continued below…
And he consults
a broad range of sources, ranging from soldiers letters and contemporary newspaper accounts to postwar memoirs. Thus armed,
Sutherland is able to place the battles in their broadest political and military contexts. Both battles led to Southern victories,
and he examines their consequences, including the accidental death of Thomas ``Stonewall'' Jackson
in his own troops crossfire, Lees inability to smash Hookers army, and Lees drive northward after his victory at Chancellorsville. Much attention is paid to the wars mismanagement by
Congress and by various Northern officers and to fascinating partisan efforts to control the Union military. Sutherland, a
professor of history at the University
of Arkansas, is a
deft writer. He identifies the facets of battle (and surrounding events) in a coherent fashion that will allow readers to
peer over his shoulder at the larger picture. Though far too detailed in its dealings with military strategy and, this is
nonetheless worthy of War-Between-the-States diehards. (7 illustrations, 7 photos, not seen). About the Author: Daniel E. Sutherland is a professor of history at the University of Arkansas. His books include The Confederate Carpetbaggers
and the award-winning Seasons of War: The Ordeal of a Confederate Community, 1861–1865.
Recommended
Reading: Chancellorsville 1863: The Souls of the Brave. Description: Ferguson's book about Chancellorsville reads much like a vintage Stephen Sears book. Meticulous detail is crafted with primary
accounts and combined with author analysis, and the book has a detailed narrative with human elements. Reading these types
of accounts concerning Civil War battles is always enjoyable. Where Furgurson's book differs from Sears's book is, of course,
the analysis of Joe Hooker's management of the campaign. Continued below...
While
Sears blames subordinates, most notably Howard, and points to Hooker's concussion, Furgurson mentions the exploding pillar
incident, adds soldier accounts of seeing Hooker looking drunk and unresponsive at headquarters and takes Hooker to task.
Given Hooker's pre-victory celebratory orders and his subsequent defeat, I think it's hard to let Hooker completely off the
hook. Furgurson also mentions near the end of the book that Jackson's death affected Gettysburg
and ultimately the war. Had Jackson lived and taken Culp's Hill on July 1 in place of the inactive
Ewell, the Union would have been forced to retreat, likely to the line of defense around
Pipe Creek that Meade was aiming for in the first place. Would the Confederates have won the battle of Gettysburg in that case?
Recommended
Reading: Chancellorsville: The Battle and
Its Aftermath (Military Campaigns of the Civil War) (Hardcover). Description: A variety of important but lesser-known dimensions of the Chancellorsville campaign
of spring 1863 are explored in this collection of eight original essays. Departing from the traditional focus on generalship
and tactics, the contributors address the campaign's broad context and implications and revisit specific battlefield episodes
that have in the past been poorly understood. Chancellorsville was a remarkable victory for Robert E. Lee's troops, a fact
that had enormous psychological importance for both sides, which had met recently at Fredericksburg and would meet again at
Gettysburg in just two months. But the achievement, while stunning, came at an enormous cost: more than 13,000 Confederates
became casualties, including Stonewall Jackson, who was wounded by friendly fire and died several days later. Continued below...
The topics
covered in this volume include the influence of politics on the Union army, the importance of courage among officers, the
impact of the war on children, and the state of battlefield medical care. Other essays illuminate the important but overlooked
role of Confederate commander Jubal Early, reassess the professionalism of the Union cavalry, investigate the incident of
friendly fire that took Stonewall Jackson's life, and analyze the military and political background of Confederate colonel
Emory Best's court-martial on charges of abandoning his men. Contributors: Keith S. Bohannon, Pennsylvania State University;
Gary W. Gallagher, Pennsylvania State University; A. Wilson Greene, Petersburg, Virginia; John J. Hennessy, Fredericksburg,
Virginia; Robert K. Krick, Fredericksburg, Virginia; James Marten, Marquette University; Carol Reardon, Pennsylvania State
University; James I. Robertson, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Recommended
Reading: Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. Description: The battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, 1862-63, were remarkable in several
respects. Both revealed the problems of mounting a serious attack at night and provided the first examples of the now-familiar
trench warfare. Fredericksburg featured street fighting and
river crossings under fire. Chancellorsville was marked by Stonewall Jackson's death and
the rare instance of mounted cavalry attacking infantry. In addition, the latter battle also demonstrated in striking fashion
the profound influence of the commander on the battle. The Union committed more soldiers,
supplies, money, and better equipment than did the Confederacy, and yet Lee won. Continued
below...
Eyewitness
accounts by battle participants make these guides an invaluable resource for travelers and non-travelers who want a greater
understanding of five of the most devastating yet influential years in our nation's history. Explicit directions to points
of interest and maps--illustrating the action and showing the detail of troop position, roads, rivers, elevations, and tree
lines as they were 130 years ago--help bring the battles to life. In the field, these guides can be used to recreate each
battle's setting and proportions, giving the reader a sense of the tension and fear each soldier must have felt as he faced
his enemy. "Each map is detailed to perfection."
Recommended
Reading: Chancellorsville 1863: Jackson's Lightning Strike (Campaign). Description: Following the debacle of the battle of
Fredericksburg in December 1862, Burnside was replaced as commander
of the Army of the Potomac by General Joseph Hooker. Having
reorganized the army and improved morale, he planned an attack that would take his army to Richmond and end the war. Although
faced by an army twice his size, the Confederate commander Robert E. Lee split his forces: Jubal Early was left to hold off
Sedgwick's Fredericksburg attack, and 'Stonewall' Jackson was sent with 26,000
men in a wide envelopment around Hooker's right flank. Continued below…
This title
details how at dusk on May 2, Jackson's
men crashed into the Federal right flank, and how stiffening Federal resistance slowed the Confederate advance the next day.
From the Publisher: Highly visual guides to history's greatest conflicts, detailing the command strategies, tactics, and experiences
of the opposing forces throughout each campaign, and concluding with a guide to the battlefields today.
Recommended Reading: Chancellorsville 1863
(Osprey Trade Editions). Description: General Joseph Hooker's attack was calculated to take his army to
Richmond and end the war. Faced with an army twice the size
of his own, Robert E. Lee split his forces, leaving Early to fend off Hooker's Fredericksburg
attack, whilst ‘Stonewall’ Johnson was sent to take the Federal right flank by surprise. The Bringing History to Life collection is made up of Osprey's all-time favorite titles,
re-released with striking new covers - selected titles also include visitor information sections.
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