Battle of Monroe's Crossroads:
Confederate Order of Battle
Confederate Forces GEN Joseph E. Johnston
In early March 1865, General Joseph E. Johnston’s force had
yet to assemble. Many units, including portions of the Army of Tennessee, were still in route. The only organized Confederate
forces in the area of operations were Hardee’s Infantry Corps, and Wheeler’s and Butler’s Cavalry. By order
of the Confederate government, LTG Wade Hampton was to assume command of Wheeler’s Corps and Butler’s Division.
On the 8th of March, Wheeler’s and Butler’s Cavalry united and "Hampton’s Cavalry Command"was established.
Hardee’s Corps Strength —
Approximately 8,OOO men |
Taliaferro’s Division BG
William B. Taliaferro |
McLaws’ Division MG
LaFayette McLaws |
Hampton’s Cavalry Command LTG
Wade Hampton |
Wheeler’s Corps LTG Joseph Wheeler Strength
— Approximately 4,600 men |
Humes’ Division BG
W.Y.C. Humes (WIA) |
Allen’s Division BG William W. Allen (*) |
Harrison’s Texas Brigade BG
Thomas Harrison (WIA) |
Hagan’s Alabama Brigade COL
James Hagan (WIA) |
8th Texas Regiment |
1st Alabama Regiment COL David T. Blakely |
11th Texas Regiment |
3rd Alabama Regiment MAJ John D. Farish
(WIA) |
3rd Arkansas Regiment MAJ William H. Blackwell
|
9th Alabama Regiment COL John C. Malone,
Jr. |
4th/8th Tennessee Regiment LTC Paul F.
Anderson |
12th Alabama Regiment COL Wren S. Reese |
|
51st Alabama Regiment (Partisan Rangers) COL
Milton L. Kirkpatrick |
|
53rd Alabama Regiment (Partisan Rangers) COL
Moses W. Hannon (WIA) |
|
10th Confederate (GA., ALA. Companies) COL
William J. Vason |
Ashby’s Brigade COL
Henry M. Ashby (*) |
Anderson’s Brigade BG
Robert H. Anderson |
1st/6th Tennessee Regiment COL Jacob B.
Biffle |
3rd Georgia Regiment |
2nd Tennessee Regiment COL John H. Kuhn
|
5th Georgia Regiment |
5th Tennessee Regiment COL George W. McKenzie
|
6th Georgia Regiment COL Edward Bird |
|
8th Confederate (ALA., MISS. Companies) LTC
John S. Prather |
Dibrell’s Brigade BG
George G. Dibrell |
Shannon’s Special
Scouts CPT A.M. Shannon (Shannon’s Scouts numbered 30 to 40 hand-picked men from throughout the Corps.) |
Allison’s Squadron (Hamilton’s
Battalion & Shaw’s Battalion) COL Robert D. Allison |
13th Tennessee Regiment COL Mounce L. Gore (Serving as Corps reserve, Dibrell also collected late arriving units.) |
|
Butler’s Division MG Matthew C.
Butler Strength — Approximately 1,200 men |
Butler’s Brigade BG
E.M. Law |
Young’s Brigade COL
Gilbert J. Wright |
1st South Carolina Regiment |
Phillips’ Georgia Legion MAJ W.W.
Thomas |
4th South Carolina Regiment |
Cobb’s Georgia Legion LTC
J.S. King (KIA) |
5th South Carolina Regiment |
6th South Carolina Regiment |
Jeff Davis Mississippi Legion (MISS.,
GA., ALA. Companies) MAJ Ivey F. Lewis (WIA) |
19th South Carolina Battalion |
|
20th Georgia Battalion |
|
2nd Kentucky Regiment |
Reacting to rapidly changing circumstances,
the Confederate Cavalry task organized often. The units contained in the order of battle participated in the battle. The following
units may have participated, been on other missions, or arrived late. |
|
Cavalry |
|
1st Georgia Regiment |
2nd Alabama Regiment |
1st Kentucky Regiment |
2nd Georgia Regiment |
24th Alabama Battalion |
3rd Kentucky Regiment |
4th Georgia Regiment |
9th Tennessee Battalion |
9th Kentucky Regiment |
10th Georgia Regiment |
56th Alabama Regiment (Partisan Rangers) |
|
20th Georgia Regiment |
|
|
|
Artillery |
|
Baxter’s Tennessee Battery; 2 X l2
LB. Howitzer, 2 X 6 LB. Smoothbores, Clarke County Arkansas Battery; 2 X l2 LB. Howitzer, 2 X 6 LB. Smoothbores, Hartis, South
Carolina Battery |
* = Horse or horses shot from under him during the Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
Sources: National Park Service; Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies
Recommended
Reading: Battle of Monroe's Crossroads and the Civil War's Final Campaign (Hardcover). Description:
The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads, fought March 10, 1865, was one of most important but least known engagements of William
T. Sherman's Carolinas Campaign. Confederate cavalry, led by Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton and Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, launched
a savage surprise attack on the sleeping camp of Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, Sherman's cavalry chief. After three hours of
some of the toughest cavalry fighting of the entire Civil War, Hampton broke off and withdrew. His attack, however, had stopped Kilpatrick's
advance and bought another precious day for Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee to evacuate his command from Fayetteville. This, in turn,
permitted Hardee to join the command of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and set the stage for the climactic Battle of Bentonville
nine days later. Continued below…
Noted Civil War author Eric Wittenberg has written the first detailed tactical narrative
of this important but long-forgotten battle, and places it in its proper context within the entire campaign. His study features
28 original maps and 50 illustrations. Finally, an author of renown has brought to vivid life this overlooked portion of the
Carolinas Campaign. About the Author: Ohio
Attorney Eric J. Wittenberg is a noted Civil War cavalry historian and the author of some dozen books and two dozens articles
on the Civil War. His first book, "Gettysburg's
Forgotten Cavalry Actions," won the 1998 Bachelder-Coddington Literary Award.
Advance to:
Recommended
Reading: Sherman's March Through the Carolinas. Description: In retrospect, General William Tecumseh Sherman considered his march
through the Carolinas the greatest of his military feats, greater even than the Georgia
campaign. When he set out northward from Savannah with 60,000
veteran soldiers in January 1865, he was more convinced than ever that the bold application of his ideas of total war could
speedily end the conflict. Continued below…
John Barrett's
story of what happened in the three months that followed is based on printed memoirs and documentary records of those who
fought and of the civilians who lived in the path of Sherman's onslaught. The burning of Columbia, the battle
of Bentonville, and Joseph E. Johnston's surrender nine days after Appomattox are at the center of the story, but Barrett
also focuses on other aspects of the campaign, such as the undisciplined pillaging of the 'bummers,' and on its effects on
local populations. About the Author: John G. Barrett is professor emeritus of history at the Virginia Military Institute.
He is author of several books, including The Civil War in North Carolina,
and coeditor of North Carolina Civil War Documentary.
Recommended
Reading: On Sherman's Trail: The Civil War's
North Carolina Climax. Description: Join journalist and historian Jim Wise as he follows Sherman's
last march through the Tar Heel State from Wilson's Store
to the surrender at Bennett Place. Retrace the steps
of the soldiers at Averasboro and Bentonville. Learn about what the civilians faced as the Northern army approached and view
the modern landscape through their eyes. Whether you are on the road or in a comfortable armchair, you will enjoy this memorable,
well-researched account of General Sherman's North Carolina
campaign and the brave men and women who stood in his path.
Recommended
Reading: Sherman's March: The First Full-Length Narrative of General William T. Sherman's Devastating March through Georgia and the Carolinas. Description: Sherman's March is the vivid narrative
of General William T. Sherman's devastating sweep through Georgia and the
Carolinas in the closing days of the Civil War. Weaving together hundreds of eyewitness stories,
Burke Davis graphically brings to life the dramatic experiences of the 65,000 Federal troops who plundered their way through
the South and those of the anguished -- and often defiant -- Confederate women and men who sought to protect themselves and
their family treasures, usually in vain. Dominating these events is the general himself -- "Uncle Billy" to his troops, the
devil incarnate to the Southerners he encountered.
Recommended Viewing:
The History Channel Presents Sherman's March (2007). Description: “The story of General William Tecumseh Sherman who helped
devastate the South's army at the end of the Civil War is told here via vivid reconstructions of his actions.” This
is a great reenactment, presentation. It's not dull like some documentaries that just continually talk with the same guy for
an hour. This includes several individuals that are extremely knowledgeable in their respective fields--be it civilian or
military historian. Also, it includes many re-enactors that portray “Sherman
as well as his entire command.” It literally takes the viewer back to 1864 to experience it firsthand.
Recommended Reading: The
Battle Of Bentonville: Last Stand In The Carolinas (Hardcover: 575 pages). Description: As Sherman completed the destruction of Georgia,
only the outnumbered but wily Confederate commander Joseph E. Johnston stood between Sherman’s
army and the conquest of North and South Carolina. Finally,
the Battle of Bentonville and the Campaign of the Carolinas ‘gets its
well deserved attention.’ Bradley takes the reader from the last organized skirmish against Sherman's
army in South Carolina to the climatic Battle
at Bentonville. In between, Bradley discusses in detail the Campaign of the Carolinas, which includes the following battles:
Rivers’ Bridge, Wyse Fork (aka 2nd Kinston), Monroe’s
Crossroads, Averasborough (aka Averasboro), and the grand finale at Bentonville. On these pages, you will literally feel like
you are emotionally rising and falling with Johnny Reb and Billy Yank. You will feel that Rebel Yell screaming in your ears
and imagine that crackle of musketry. Continued below…
But the finest aspect of the book is its gripping depiction of the Battle of Bentonville; it was literally the Confederate’s
last stand to halt Major General William T. Sherman's march through the Carolinas. For nearly a day, a rag tag, mottled army of Confederates from every corner
of the Confederacy had the previously unchallenged army of Sherman
"on the ropes." However, as the book vividly describes, the determination of a few Federal divisions and reinforcements save
the Union army. In between the vivid descriptions of the fighting, Bradley masterfully throws in personal recollections and
eyewitness accounts that are unmatched by previous books on the Campaign. An outstanding ‘photo section’ reflects
the battlefield from numerous viewpoints, as well as several good-sized photographs of the participants. Also, and most importantly,
the book is devoid of prejudice and bias. You will be hard pressed to find a more objective study; even for a subject that
pulls so much emotion as Sherman's march. If you read
just one book on the rarely discussed Campaign of the Carolinas, with the Battle of Bentonville,
and the Confederacy’s last stand... READ THIS ONE. You will not be disappointed.
|