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| Thomas' Legion |
| Introduction & How to Use this Site |
| Cherokee Chief William Holland Thomas |
| Causes and Motives: American Civil War |
| Organization of Union and Confederate Armies: Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery |
| American Civil War: Union and Confederate Navies |
| American Civil War: The Soldier's Life |
| American Civil War Battles and Battlefields |
| Civil War's Turning Points |
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| Civil War Generals |
| American Civil War Desertions and Deserters: Union and Confederate |
| Aftermath and Reconstruction |
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| African Americans and the American Civil War |
| North Carolina in the American Civil War |
| Civil War Battles Fought in North Carolina |
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| NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY |
| North Carolina Coast: American Civil War |
| Western North Carolina and the American Civil War |
| Western North Carolina Regiments and Battalions |
| HISTORY OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA |
| Cherokee Indians: American Civil War |
| HISTORY OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS |
| History of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indian Nation |
| Cherokee Indian Heritage, History, Culture, Customs, Ceremonies, and Religion |
| Cherokee War Rituals, Culture, Festivals, Government, and Beliefs |
| Researching your Cherokee Heritage |
| Recommended American Indian History |
| North Carolina: American Civil War Photos |
| Thomas' Legion Papers, Diaries, and Memoirs |
| American Civil War Polls |
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| Author's Recommendations: American Civil War |
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Battle of Prairie Grove Pictures
Maps History Facts
Other Names: Fayetteville
Location: Washington County
Campaign: Prairie Grove Campaign (1862)
Date(s): December 7, 1862
Principal Commanders: Brig. Gen. Francis J. Herron and Brig.
Gen. James G. Blunt [US]; Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman [CS]
Forces Engaged: Army of the Frontier [US]; I Corps, Trans-Mississippi
Army [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 2,568 total (US 1,251; CS 1,317)
Description: Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman sought to destroy Brig.
Gen. Francis Herron’s and Brig. Gen. James Blunt’s divisions before they joined forces. Hindman placed his large
force between the two Union divisions, turning on Herron first and routing his cavalry. As Hindman pursued the cavalry, he
met Herron’s infantry which pushed him back. The Rebels then established their line of battle on a wooded high ridge
northeast of Prairie Grove Church. Herron brought his artillery across the Illinois River and initiated an artillery duel.
The Union troops assaulted twice and were repulsed. The Confederates counterattacked, were halted by Union canister, and then
moved forward again. Just when it looked as if the Rebel attack would roll up Herron’s troops, Blunt’s men assailed
the Confederate left flank. As night came, neither side had won, but Hindman retreated to Van Buren. Hindman’s retreat
established Federal control of northwest Arkansas.
Prairie
Grove is recognized nationally as one of America's most intact Civil War battlefields.
The park protects the battle site and interprets the Battle of Prairie Grove, where on December 7, 1862, the Confederate Army
of the Trans-Mississippi clashed with the Union Army of the Frontier resulting in approximately 2,700 casualties "during the
battle's fierce fighting." This marked the last major Civil War engagement in northwest Arkansas.
Result(s): Union strategic victory
Sources: National Park Service; Official Records of the
Union and Confederate Armies; Library of Congress; The Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism
Recommended
Reading:
Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, and Prairie Grove: A Battlefield
Guide, with a Section on Wire Road (This Hallowed
Ground: Guides to Civil War). Description: Wilson’s
Creek, Pea Ridge, and Prairie Grove were three of the most important battles fought west of the Mississippi
River during the Civil War. They influenced the course of the first half of the war in that region
by shaping Union military efforts while significantly contributing to Confederate defeat. Wilson’s
Creek, Pea Ridge, and Prairie Grove, the first book to provide a detailed guide to these battlefields, takes the visitor step-by-step
through the major sites of each engagement. With numerous maps and illustrations that enhance the authors’ descriptions
of what happened at each stop, the book also includes analytical accounts explaining tactical problems associated with each
battle as well as vignettes evoking for readers the personal experience of those who fought there. Continued below...
An indispensable
companion for the battlefield visitor, this guide offers not only touring information and driving tours of sites associated
with the campaigns that led to the battles, but also a brief history of each battle and an overview of the larger strategy
and tactics of the military action in which these battles figured.
Recommended
Reading:
Pea Ridge: Civil War Campaign in the West. Description from Publishers
Weekly: With its exhaustive research
and lively prose style, this military study is virtually a model work of its kind. Shea and Hess, who teach history at the
University of Arkansas at Monticello
and Lincoln Memorial University
(Tenn.), respectively, convincingly argue that the 1862 campaign for Pea Ridge (Ark.) decisively changed the balance of power in the West, with the Union gaining effective control
of Missouri. Samuel Curtis, commander of the Federal Army
of the Southwest, understood the strategic requirements of his theater, according to the authors, and elicited the best performance
from his troops, even though they were beset by internal tensions. The Southern commander, Earl van Dorn, the authors maintain,
was a swashbuckler out of his depth--particularly in light of the administrative weaknesses of the trans-Mississippi Confederacy.
Their detailed analysis of the climactic battle impressively conveys the difficulties of the improvised armies that groped
for and grappled with each other in the Civil War West. Continued below...
From
Library Journal: The battle of Pea Ridge,
fought in northwestern Arkansas
in March 1862, was probably the most important trans-Mississippi battle of the Civil War. It was unusual in the use of Indian
troops and in the Confederates' numerical superiority, better supplies, and inferior leadership. The battle ended any serious
Confederate threat to Missouri and opened the Union's path
into Arkansas.
The book offers the rich tactical detail, maps, and order of battle that military scholars love but retains a very readable
style combined with liberal use of recollections of the troops and leaders involved… This
is an important book for academic libraries and for public libraries in the region. (Available in hardcover and paperback.)
Recommended Reading: Pea Ridge And Prairie Grove, Or Incidents
Of The War In Arkansas.
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