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"FULL GENERALS" (1)
Date Of Rank: June 14, 1861
Date Of Birth: January 19, 1807
Date of Death:
October 12, 1870 Lexington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried: Lexington
LIEUTENANT GENERALS (3)
Date of Rank: October 9, 1862
Date of Birth: January 8, 1821 Edgefield
District, South Carolina
Date Of Death: January 2, 1904 Gainesville, Ga.
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Gainesville, Georgia
2) *RICHARD S. EWELL:
Date of Rank: May 23, 1863
Date of Birth: February 8, 1817 Georgetown,
D.C.
Date of Death: January 25, 1872 Spring Hill, Tennessee
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Old City Cemetery, Nashville
3) *AMBROSE P. HILL:
Date of Rank: May 24, 1863
Date of Birth: November 9, 1825 Culpeper,
Virginia
Date of Death: April 2, 1865 Petersburg
Cause of Death: Killed by a Federal straggler
on the Petersburg
lines.
Buried: Richmond, under a monument to his memory.
MAJOR GENERALS (11)
1) *LAFAYETTE McLAWS"
Date of Rank: May 23, 1862
Date of Birth: January 15, 1821 Augusta,
Georgia
Date of Death: July 24, 1897 Savannah, Georgia
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried: Savannah
Date of Rank: October 10, 1862
Date of Birth: January 28, 1825 Richmond,
Virginia
Date of Death: July 30, 1875 Norfolk, Virginia
Cause of Death: natural
Buried:
Richmond, Virginia
Date of Rank: October 10, 1862
Date of Birth: June 1, 1831 Owingsville,
Kentucky
Date of Death: August 30, 1879 New Orleans
Cause of Death: Yellow Fever
Buried:
Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans, La.
4) *JUBAL A. "OLD JUBE" EARLY:
Date of Rank: January 17, 1863
Date of Birth: November 3, 1816 Franklin
County, Virginia
Date of Death: March 2, 1894 Lynchburg, Virginia
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Lynchburg, Virginia
5) *EDWARD JOHNSON: Old Allegheny
Date of Rank: February 28, 1863
Date of Birth: April 16, 1816 Salisbury,
Chesterfield County,
Virginia.
Date of Death: March 2, 1873 Richmond, Va.
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.
6) ROBERT E. RODES:
Date of Rank: October 21, 1861
Date of Birth: March 29, 1829
Lynchburg, Va.
Date of Death: September 19, 1864
Cause of Death: Mortally wounded at Winchester during
counterattack.
Buried: He is buried in the city of his birth.
7) *RICHARD H. ANDERSON:
Date of Rank: July 14, 1862
Date of Birth: October 7, 1821 Hillcrest,
Sumter County, S.C.
Date of Death: June 26, 1879 Beaufort, South Carolina
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Beaufort, South Carolina
8) *HENRY HETH:
Date of Rank: October 10, 1862
Date of Birth: December 16, 1825 Chesterfield
County, Va.
Date of Death: September 27, 1899 Washington, D.C.
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.
9) *WILLIAM D. PENDER:
Date of Rank: May 27, 1863
Date of Birth: February 6, 1834 Edgecomb County, N.C.
Date
of Death: July 18, 1863 Staunton, Virginia
Cause of Death: Wounded by a fragment of shell,
at Gettysburg.
On his way home, infection set in which resulted
in amputation of the leg. Did not recuperate.
Buried: His body was taken to North Carolina and buried in the
yard of Calvary Church at Tarboro.
10) *ISAAC R. TRIMBLE:
Date of Rank: January 17, 1863
Date of Birth: May 15, 1802. Culpeper
County, Virginia
Date of Death: January 2, 1888 Baltimore
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.
11) *JAMES E.B. (JEB) STUART:
Date of Rank: July 25, 1862
Date of Birth: February 6, 1833 Patrick
county, Virginia
Date of Death: May 12, 1864 Richmond, Virginia
Cause of Death: Mortally wounded
after intercepting Sheridan's raid at
Yellow Tavern in front of Richmond.
Buried: Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond
BRIGADIER GENERALS (38)
1) *WILLIAM H. PENDLETON:
Date of Rank: March 26, 1862
Date of Birth: December 26, 1809 Richmond,
Virginia
Date of Death: January 15, 1883 Lexington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Lexington
Date of Rank: February 13, 1862
Date of Birth: January 5, 1822 Camden,
South Carolina
Date of Death: April 13, 1894 Camden
Cause of Death: Failing health
Buried:
Quaker Cemetery
3) WILLIAM BARKSDALE:
Date of Rank: August 12, 1862
Date of Birth: August 21, 1821 Smyrna, Rutherford
County,
Tennessee.
Date of Death: July 3, 1863 Gettysburg
Cause of Death: Mortally wounded during
the Battle of Gettysburg
while leading his brigade's attack on Union forces
not far from Cemetery Ridge.
Buried: Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Mississippi
4) PAUL J. SEMMES:
Date of Rank: March 11, 1862
Date of Birth: June 4, 1815 Montford's
Plantation, Wilkes
County, Georgia.
Date of Death: July 10, 1863 Martinsburg, W. Virginia
Cause of Death:
Mortally wounded at Gettysburg July 2,
conveyed across the Potomac to Martinsburg,
where he died on the 10th.
Buried: Temporarily buried at Martinsburg, his remains were
later interred in Linnwood Cemetery, Columbus,
Georgia.
5) WILLIAM T. WOFFORD:
Date of Rank: January 17, 1863
Date of Birth: June 28, 1824 Habersham
County, Georgia
Date of Death: May 22, 1884 Near Cass Station, Georgia
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Cassville Cemetery
6) *RICHARD B. GARNETT:
Date of Rank: November 14, 1861
Date of Birth: November 21, 1817 "Rose
Hill" Essex
County, Va.
Date of Death: July 3, 1863 Gettysburg
Cause of Death: His brigade of five
Virginia regiments were in
the front rank of Pickett's assault. Garnett
disappeared in the holocaust of flame and smoke.
Buried: The location of Garnett's grave is unknown.
7) JAMES L. KEMPER:
Date of Rank: June 3, 1862
Date of Birth: June 11, 1823 Madison County,
Virginia
Date of Death: April 7, 1895 Orange County, Virginia
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Orange County, Virginia
Date of Rank: April 1, 1862
Date of Birth: February 18, 1817 New Bern, North
Carolina
Date of Death: July 5, 1863 Gettysburg
Cause of Death: Fell
mortally wounded , died in Federal field
hospital.
Buried: His body was recovered by friends, who took it to
Baltimore for burial in St. Paul's Churchyard.
9) EVANDER M. LAW:
Date of Rank: October 2, 1862
Date of Birth: August 7, 1836 Darlington,
South Carolina
Date of Death: October 31, 1920 Bartow, Florida
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Bartow, Florida
10) JEROME B. ROBERTSON:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: March 14, 1815
Woodford County, Kentucky
Date of Death: January 7, 1891 Waco, Texas
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Waco, Texas
11) GEORGE T. ANDERSON:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: February 3, 1824 Covington,
Georgia
Date of Death: April 4, 1901 Anniston, Alabama
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Edgemont Cemetery Anniston, Alabama
12) HENRY L. BENNING:
Date of Rank: January 17, 1863
Date of Birth: April 2, 1814 Columbia
County, Georgia
Date of Death: July 10, 1875 Columbus, Georgia
Cause of Death: Died
on his way to court. He practiced law.
Buried: Columbus, Georgia
13) HARRY T. HAYS:
Date of Rank: July 25, 1862
Date of Birth: April 14, 1820
Date of Death:
August 21, 1876 New Orleans
Cause of Death: Death from Bright's disease.
Buried:
General Hays is buried in Washington Ave. Cemetery,
New Orleans.
14) WILLIAM SMITH:
Date of Rank: January 31, 1863
Date of Birth: September 6, 1797 Marengo
in King George
County, Virginia.
Date of Death: May 18, 1887 Monterosa estate, Warrenton
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia
15) *GEORGE H. STEUART:
Date of Rank: March 6, 1862
Date of Birth: August 24, 1828 Baltimore,
Maryland
Date of Death: November 22, 1903 South River, Maryland
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore
16) JOHN B. GORDON:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: February 6, 1832 Upson County,
Georgia
Date of Death: January 9, 1904 Miami, Florida
Cause of
Death: Natural
Buried: Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta
17) JAMES A. WALKER:
Date of Rank: May 15, 1863
Date of Birth: August 27, 1832
Augusta County, Virginia
Date of Death: October 20, 1901 Wytheville, Virginia
Cause of Death:
Natural
Buried: Wytheville, Virginia
18) *JOHN M. JONES:
Date of Rank: May 15, 1863
Date of Birth: July 26, 1820 Charlottesville,
Virginia
Date of Death: May 5, 1864 Battle of the Wilderness
Cause of Death:
Killed in the battle
Buried: Charlottesville, Virginia
19) *JUNIUS DANIEL
Date of Rank: September 1, 1862
Date of Birth: June 27, 1828 Halifax,
North Carolina
Date of Death: May 13, 1864 Spotsylvania Court House Battle
Cause of Death:
Mortally wounded on the 12th, died next day.
Buried: Old churchyard in Halifax, North Carolina
20) GEORGE DOLES:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: May 14, 1830 Milledgeville,
Georgia
Date of Death: June 2, 1864 Near Bethesda Church
Cause of Death: Federal
sharpshooter's bullet
Buried: Milledgeville, Georgia
21) ALFRED IVERSON:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: February 14, 1829 Clinton,
Jones County, Ga.
Date of Death: March 31, 1911, Atlanta
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia
22) *STEPHEN D. RAMSEUR:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: May 31, 1837 Lincolnton,
North Carolina
Date of Death: October 20,, 1864 Battle of Cedar Creek
Cause of Death: Shot through
both lungs while attempting to stem
Sheridan's counterattack October 19, 1864.
Buried: Lincolnton, North Carolina
23) *CADMUS M. WILCOX:
Date of Rank: October 21, 1861
Date of Birth: May 29, 1824 Wayne County, North
Carolina
Date of Death: December 2, 1890 Washington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington
24) WILLIAM MAHONE:
Date of Rank: November 16, 1861
Date of Birth: December 1, 1826 Southhampton
county, Va.
Date of Death: October 8, 1895 Washington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia
25) AMBROSE R. WRIGHT:
Date of Rank: June 3, 1862
Date of Birth: April 26, 1826 Louisville, Jefferson
County, Ga.
Date of Death: December 21, 1872 Augusta, Georgia
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
General Wright is buried in City Cemetery, Augusta, Ga.
26) JAMES J. PETTIGREW:
Date of Rank: February 26, 1862
Date of Birth: July 4, 1828 Tyrrell County,
North Carolina
Date of Death: July 17, 1863
Cause of Death: Fatally wounded on July 14, at Falling
Waters,
Maryland, by a sudden dash of Federal cavalry.
Three days later he died near Bunker Hill,
Virginia, on the 17th.
Buried: "Bonarva", the family home in Tyrrell County, N.C.
27) JAMES J. ARCHER:
Date of Rank: June 3, 1862
Date of Birth: December 19, 1817 Bel Air, Maryland
Date
of Death: October 24, 1864 Richmond
Cause of Death: Prisoner for more than a year, his health
was
shattered by his long confinement on Johnson's
Island.
Buried: Hollywood Cemetery, in Richmond
28) JOSEPH R. DAVIS:
Date of Rank: September 15, 1862
Date of Birth: January 12, 1825 Woodville, Mississippi
Date
of Death: September 15, 1896 Biloxi, Mississippi
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Biloxi Cemetery
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: July 28, 1833 Mathews Court
House, Virginia
Date of Death: September 21, 1907 Auburn, Alabama
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Auburn, Alabama
30) EDWARD L. THOMAS:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: March 23, 1825 Clarke County,
Georgia
Date of Death: March 8, 1898 South McAlester, Indian
Territory (now Oklahoma).
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried: Kiowa, Oklahoma
31) ALFRED M. SCALES:
Date of Rank: June 13, 1863
Date of Birth: November 26, 1827 Reidsville, North
Carolina
Date of Death: February 8, 1892 Greensboro
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Greensboro
32) CARNOT POSEY:
Date of Rank: November 1, 1862
Date of Birth: August 5, 1818 Wilkinson
County, Mississippi
Date of Death: November 13, 1863. Charlottesville
Cause of Death:
Infection from a leg wound caused death.
Buried: Buried on the grounds of the University of Virginia
33) WADE HAMPTON:
Date of Rank: May 23, 1862
Date of Birth: March 28, 1818 Charleston, South Carolina
Date
of Death: April 11, 1902 Columbia, South Carolina
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Columbia, South Carolina
34) *BEVERLY H. ROBERTSON:
Date of Rank: June 9, 1862
Date of Birth: June 5, 1827 "The Oaks", Amelia County,
Va.
Date of Death: November 12, 1910 Washington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Amelia County, Virginia
35) * FITZ HUGH LEE: (Nephew of General Robert E. Lee)
Date of Rank: July 24, 1862
Date of Birth: November 19, 1835 "Clermont", Fairfax
County,
Virginia.
Date of Death: April 28, 1905 Washington
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia
36) ALBERT G. JENKINS:
Date of Rank: August 5, 1862
Date of Birth: November 10, 1830 Cabell County,
W. Va.
Date of Death: May 21, 1864 near Dublin, Pulaski County
Cause of Death: Arm
was amputated at the shoulder, but
failing to rally from the operation, he died on
May 21.
Buried: Spring Hill cemetery, Huntington, West Virginia
37) * WILLIAM E. "GRUMBLE" JONES:
Date of Rank: September 19, 1862
Date of Birth: May 9, 1824 Middle
Fork of Holston River,
Washington County, Virginia
Date of Death: June 5, 1864 Battle of Piedmont
Cause of Death:
Struck by a ball during the battle and instantly
killed.
Buried: In the yard of Old Glade Spring Presbyterian Church
38) JOHN D. IMBODEN:
Date of Rank: January 28, 1863
Date of Birth: February 16, 1823 Staunton,
Virginia
Date of Death: August 15, 1895 Damascus
Cause of Death: Natural
Buried:
Richmond, Virginia
* Denotes United States Military Academy (West Point) Graduate
Total West Point Graduates = 24
Non-West Point Graduates = 29
This concludes the total transcribing of the List of 53 Confederate Generals
in
the Battle of Gettysburg .
Researched and Transcribed by: Miriam Medina
Edited by Matthew D. Parker
Source: Generals in Gray, Lives of the Confederate Commanders
Author: Ezra J. Warner
Publisher:
Louisiana University Press
Recommended Reading: Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command (912 pages). Description: Hailed as one
of the greatest Civil War books, this exhaustive study is an abridgement of the original three-volume version. It
is a history of the Army of Northern Virginia from the first shot fired to the surrender at Appomattox - but what makes this book unique is that it incorporates a series of biographies
of more than 150 Confederate officers. The book discusses in depth all the tradeoffs that were being made politically and
militarily by the South. Continued below...
The book does an excellent job describing the battles, then
at a critical decision point in the battle, the book focuses on an officer - the book stops and tells the biography of that
person, and then goes back to the battle and tells what information the officer had at that point and the decision he made.
At the end of the battle, the officers decisions are critiqued based on what he "could have known and what he should have
known" given his experience, and that is compared with 20/20 hindsight. "It is an incredibly well written book!"
Recommended Reading: General Lee's
Army: From Victory to Collapse. Publishers Weekly: You cannot say that
University of North Carolina
professor Glatthaar (Partners in Command) did not do his homework in this massive examination of the Civil War–era lives
of the men in Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Glatthaar spent nearly 20 years examining and ordering primary source
material to ferret out why Lee's men fought, how they lived during the war, how they came close to winning, and why they lost.
Glatthaar marshals convincing evidence to challenge the often-expressed notion that the war in the South was a rich man's
war and a poor man's fight and that support for slavery was concentrated among the Southern upper class. Continued below...
Lee's army
included the rich, poor and middle-class, according to the author, who contends that there was broad support for the war in
all economic strata of Confederate society. He also challenges the myth that because Union forces outnumbered and materially
outmatched the Confederates, the rebel cause was lost, and articulates Lee and his army's acumen and achievements in the face
of this overwhelming opposition. This well-written work provides much food for thought for all Civil War buffs.
Recommended Reading: Generals in
Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Description: When Generals in Gray was published in 1959, scholars and critics immediately hailed it as one of the few indispensable
books on the American Civil War. Historian Stanley Horn, for example, wrote, "It is difficult for a reviewer to restrain his
enthusiasm in recommending a monumental book of this high quality and value." Here at last is the paperback edition of Ezra
J. Warner’s magnum opus with its concise, detailed biographical sketches and—in
an amazing feat of research—photographs of all 425 Confederate generals. Continued below...
The only exhaustive
guide to the South’s command, Generals in Gray belongs on the shelf of anyone interested in the Civil War. RATED 5 STARS!
Recommended
Reading: Brigades of Gettysburg: The Union and Confederate Brigades at the Battle
of Gettysburg (Hardcover) (704 Pages). Description: While the battle of Gettysburg is certainly the most-studied battle in American history,
a comprehensive treatment of the part played by each unit has been ignored. Brigades of Gettysburg fills
this void by presenting a complete account of every brigade unit at Gettysburg
and providing a fresh perspective of the battle. Using the words of enlisted men and officers, the author and renowned Civil War
historian, Bradley Gottfried, weaves a fascinating narrative of the role played by every brigade at the famous three-day battle,
as well as a detailed description of each brigade unit. Continued below...
Organized by
order of battle, each brigade is covered in complete and exhaustive detail: where it fought, who commanded, what constituted
the unit, and how it performed in battle. Innovative in its approach and comprehensive in its coverage, Brigades of Gettysburg is certain to be a classic and indispensable reference for the battle of Gettysburg
for years to come.
Recommended Reading: The Gettysburg
Campaign: A Study in Command (928 pages). Description: Coddington's
research is one of the most thorough and detailed studies of the Gettysburg Campaign. Exhaustive in scope and scale, Coddington
delivers, with unrivaled research, in-depth battle descriptions and a complete history of the regiments involved. Continued
below...
This
is a must read for anyone seriously interested in American history and what transpired and shaped a nation on those pivotal
days in July 1863.
Recommended Reading: ONE CONTINUOUS FIGHT: The Retreat
from Gettysburg and the Pursuit of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia,
July 4-14, 1863 (Hardcover) (June 2008). Description: The titanic three-day battle of Gettysburg
left 50,000 casualties in its wake, a battered Southern army far from its base of supplies, and a rich historiographic legacy.
Thousands of books and articles cover nearly every aspect of the battle, but not a single volume focuses on the military aspects
of the monumentally important movements of the armies to and across the Potomac River. One
Continuous Fight: The Retreat from Gettysburg and the Pursuit
of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, July 4-14, 1863 is the first detailed military history of Lee's retreat and the Union
effort to catch and destroy the wounded Army of Northern Virginia. Against steep odds and encumbered with thousands of casualties,
Confederate commander Robert E. Lee's post-battle task was to successfully withdraw his army across the Potomac River. Union
commander George G. Meade's equally difficult assignment was to intercept the effort and destroy his enemy. The responsibility
for defending the exposed Southern columns belonged to cavalry chieftain James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart. If Stuart fumbled
his famous ride north to Gettysburg, his generalship during
the retreat more than redeemed his flagging reputation. The ten days of retreat triggered nearly two dozen skirmishes and
major engagements, including fighting at Granite Hill, Monterey Pass,
Hagerstown, Williamsport, Funkstown,
Boonsboro, and Falling Waters. Continued
below...
President Abraham
Lincoln was thankful for the early July battlefield victory, but disappointed that General Meade was unable to surround and
crush the Confederates before they found safety on the far side of the Potomac. Exactly what Meade did to try to intercept the fleeing Confederates, and how the
Southerners managed to defend their army and ponderous 17-mile long wagon train of wounded until crossing into western Virginia on the early morning of July 14, is the subject of this study.
One Continuous Fight draws upon a massive array of documents, letters, diaries, newspaper accounts, and published primary
and secondary sources. These long-ignored foundational sources allow the authors, each widely known for their expertise in
Civil War cavalry operations, to describe carefully each engagement. The result is a rich and comprehensive study loaded with
incisive tactical commentary, new perspectives on the strategic role of the Southern and Northern cavalry, and fresh insights
on every engagement, large and small, fought during the retreat. The retreat from Gettysburg
was so punctuated with fighting that a soldier felt compelled to describe it as "One Continuous Fight." Until now, few students
fully realized the accuracy of that description. Complimented with 18 original maps, dozens of photos, and a complete driving
tour with GPS coordinates of the entire retreat, One Continuous Fight is an essential book for every student of the American
Civil War in general, and for the student of Gettysburg in
particular. About the Authors: Eric J. Wittenberg has written widely on Civil War cavalry operations. His books include Glory
Enough for All (2002), The Union Cavalry Comes of Age (2003), and The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads and the Civil War's Final
Campaign (2005). He lives in Columbus, Ohio.
J. David Petruzzi is the author of several magazine articles on Eastern Theater cavalry operations, conducts tours of cavalry
sites of the Gettysburg Campaign, and is the author of the popular "Buford's Boys." A long time student of the Gettysburg
Campaign, Michael Nugent is a retired US Army Armored Cavalry Officer and the descendant of a Civil War Cavalry soldier. He
has previously written for several military publications. Nugent lives in Wells, Maine.
Recommended Reading: Gettysburg:
A Testing of Courage. Description: America's
Civil War raged for more than four years, but it is the three days of fighting in the Pennsylvania
countryside in July 1863 that continues to fascinate, appall, and inspire new generations with its unparalleled saga of sacrifice
and courage. From Chancellorsville, where General Robert E. Lee launched his high-risk campaign into the North, to the Confederates'
last daring and ultimately-doomed act, forever known as Pickett's Charge, the battle of Gettysburg gave the Union army a victory
that turned back the boldest and perhaps greatest chance for a Southern nation. Continued below...
Now, acclaimed
historian Noah Andre Trudeau brings the most up-to-date research available to a brilliant, sweeping, and comprehensive history
of the battle of Gettysburg that sheds fresh light on virtually every aspect of it. Deftly balancing his own
narrative style with revealing firsthand accounts, Trudeau brings this engrossing human tale to life as never before.
Recommended Reading: Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, and the Pennsylvania
Campaign (Civil War America)
(Hardcover). Description: In a groundbreaking, comprehensive
history of the Army of Northern Virginia's retreat from Gettysburg
in July 1863, Kent Masterson Brown draws on previously unused materials to chronicle the massive effort of General Robert
E. Lee and his command as they sought to expeditiously move people, equipment, and scavenged supplies through hostile territory
and plan the army's next moves. More than fifty-seven miles of wagon and ambulance trains and tens of thousands of livestock
accompanied the army back to Virginia. Continued below...
The movement
of supplies and troops over the challenging terrain of mountain passes and in the adverse conditions of driving rain and muddy
quagmires is described in depth, as are General George G. Meade's attempts to attack the trains along the South Mountain range and at Hagerstown and Williamsport, Maryland. Lee's deliberate pace, skillful
use of terrain, and constant positioning of the army behind defenses so as to invite attack caused Union forces to delay their
own movements at critical times. Brown concludes that even though the battle of Gettysburg
was a defeat for the Army of Northern Virginia, Lee's successful retreat maintained the balance of power in the eastern theater
and left his army with enough forage, stores, and fresh meat to ensure its continued existence as an effective force.
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