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Battle of Monroe's Crossroads:
Union Order of Battle
Federal Forces MG William T. Sherman |
Left Wing MG Henry W. Slocum
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Right Wing MG Oliver O.
Howard |
XIV Corps BVT MG Jefferson
C. Davis |
XV Corps MG John A. Logan |
XX Corps BVT MG Alpheus S.
Williams |
XVII Corps MG Frank P. Blair
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Wing Strength INF CAV
ARTY Total 25,673 0 949 = 26,622 |
Wing Strength INF CAV ARTY
Total 25,925 60 633 = 26,618 |
3rd Cavalry Division BVT MG Hugh J. Kilpatrick Division Strength — 4,438 men |
1st Brigade BVT BG Thomas
J. Jordan |
2nd Brigade BVT BG Smith
D. Atkins |
3rd Indiana Battalion 8th Indiana Regiment 2nd
Kentucky Regiment 3rd Kentucky Regiment 9th Pennsylvania Regiment |
92nd Illinois Regiment 9th Michigan Regiment 9th Ohio Regiment 10th Ohio
Regiment McLaughlin’s Squadron |
3rd Brigade COL George E.
Spencer |
4th Brigade (Provisional, Dismounted) LTC William B. Way |
1st Alabama Regiment MAJ Francis L. Cramer
(WIA, POW) |
1st Regiment MAJ Charles A. Appel (POW) |
5th Kentucky Regiment MAJ Christopher
T. Cheek |
2nd Regiment LTC William Stough |
5th Ohio Regiment MAJ George H. Rader |
3rd Regiment CPT John B. Riggs |
Brigade Strength Approximately
1,500 men |
Brigade Strength Approximately
400 men 4th Brigade consisted of dismounted men from throughout the Division. Soldier assignments correspond to the Brigades. For
example: 2nd Brigade men were assigned to the 2d Regiment. |
10th Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery A two-gun section accompanied each mounted brigade. CPT Yates V. Beebe Battery Strength — 94 men |
Sources: National Park Service; Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies
Recommended Reading: Battle of
Monroe's Crossroads and the Civil War's Final Campaign
(Hardcover). Description: The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads, fought March 10, 1865, was one of most important but least known
engagements of William T. Sherman's Carolinas Campaign. Confederate cavalry, led by Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton and Maj. Gen. Joseph
Wheeler, launched a savage surprise attack on the sleeping camp of Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, Sherman's cavalry chief. After three hours of some of the toughest cavalry fighting of the
entire Civil War, Hampton broke off and withdrew. His attack,
however, had stopped Kilpatrick's advance and bought another precious day for Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee to evacuate his command
from Fayetteville. This, in turn, permitted Hardee to join
the command of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and set the stage for the climactic Battle of Bentonville nine days later. Continued
below…
Noted Civil War author Eric Wittenberg has written the first detailed
tactical narrative of this important but long-forgotten battle, and places it in its proper context within the entire campaign.
His study features 28 original maps and 50 illustrations. Finally, an author of renown has brought to vivid life this overlooked
portion of the Carolinas Campaign. About the Author: Ohio Attorney Eric J. Wittenberg is a noted Civil War
cavalry historian and the author of some dozen books and two dozens articles on the Civil War. His first book, "Gettysburg's Forgotten Cavalry Actions," won the 1998 Bachelder-Coddington
Literary Award.
Recommended Reading: The
Battle Of Bentonville: Last Stand In The Carolinas (Hardcover: 575 pages). Description: As Sherman completed the destruction of Georgia,
only the outnumbered but wily Confederate commander Joseph E. Johnston stood between Sherman’s
army and the conquest of North and South Carolina. Finally,
the Battle of Bentonville and the Campaign of the Carolinas ‘gets its
well deserved attention.’ Bradley takes the reader from the last organized skirmish against Sherman's
army in South Carolina to the climatic Battle
at Bentonville. In between, Bradley discusses in detail the Campaign of the Carolinas, which includes the following battles:
Rivers’ Bridge, Wyse Fork (aka 2nd Kinston), Monroe’s
Crossroads, Averasborough (aka Averasboro), and the grand finale at Bentonville. On these pages, you will literally feel like
you are emotionally rising and falling with Johnny Reb and Billy Yank. You will feel that Rebel Yell screaming in your ears
and imagine that crackle of musketry. Continued below…
But the finest aspect of the book is its gripping depiction of the Battle of Bentonville; it was literally the Confederate’s
last stand to halt Major General William T. Sherman's march through the Carolinas. For nearly a day, a rag tag, mottled army of Confederates from every corner
of the Confederacy had the previously unchallenged army of Sherman
"on the ropes." However, as the book vividly describes, the determination of a few Federal divisions and reinforcements save
the Union army. In between the vivid descriptions of the fighting, Bradley masterfully throws in personal recollections and
eyewitness accounts that are unmatched by previous books on the Campaign. An outstanding ‘photo section’ reflects
the battlefield from numerous viewpoints, as well as several good-sized photographs of the participants. Also, and most importantly,
the book is devoid of prejudice and bias. You will be hard pressed to find a more objective study; even for a subject that
pulls so much emotion as Sherman's march. If you read
just one book on the rarely discussed Campaign of the Carolinas, with the Battle of Bentonville,
and the Confederacy’s last stand... READ THIS ONE. You will not be disappointed.
Recommended Reading: Sherman's March: The First Full-Length Narrative of General William T. Sherman's Devastating March through
Georgia and the Carolinas.
Description: Sherman's March is the vivid narrative of General
William T. Sherman's devastating sweep through Georgia and the Carolinas in the closing days of the Civil War. Weaving together hundreds of eyewitness stories, Burke
Davis graphically brings to life the dramatic experiences of the 65,000 Federal troops who plundered their way through the
South and those of the anguished -- and often defiant -- Confederate women and men who sought to protect themselves and their
family treasures, usually in vain. Dominating these events is the general himself -- "Uncle Billy" to his troops, the devil
incarnate to the Southerners he encountered.
Recommended
Reading: Southern Storm: Sherman's March to the Sea, by Noah Andre Trudeau (Hardcover). From Publishers Weekly: Starred
Review. Trudeau, a prize-winning Civil War historian (Gettysburg),
addresses William T. Sherman's march to the sea in the autumn of 1864. Sherman's
inclusion of civilian and commercial property on the list of military objectives was not a harbinger of total war, says Trudeau.
Rather, its purpose was to demonstrate to the Confederacy that there was no place in the South safe from Union troops. Continued
below…
The actual
levels of destruction and pillage were limited even by Civil War standards, Trudeau says; they only seemed shocking to Georgians
previously spared a home invasion on a grand scale. Confederate resistance was limited as well. Trudeau praises Sherman's
generalship, always better at operational than tactical levels. He presents the inner dynamics of one of the finest armies
the U.S. has ever fielded: veteran troops from Massachusetts
to Minnesota, under proven officers, consistently able to
make the difficult seem routine. And Trudeau acknowledges the often-overlooked contributions of the slaves who provided their
liberators invaluable information and labor. The march to the sea was in many ways the day of jubilo, and in Trudeau it has
found its Xenophon. 16 pages of b&w photos, 36 maps.
Recommended
Reading: Sherman's March Through the Carolinas. Description: In retrospect, General William Tecumseh Sherman considered
his march through the Carolinas the greatest of his military feats, greater even than the Georgia campaign. When he set out northward from Savannah with 60,000 veteran soldiers in January 1865, he was more convinced than ever that
the bold application of his ideas of total war could speedily end the conflict. Continued below…
John Barrett's
story of what happened in the three months that followed is based on printed memoirs and documentary records of those who
fought and of the civilians who lived in the path of Sherman's onslaught. The burning of Columbia, the battle
of Bentonville, and Joseph E. Johnston's surrender nine days after Appomattox are at the center of the story, but Barrett
also focuses on other aspects of the campaign, such as the undisciplined pillaging of the 'bummers,' and on its effects on
local populations. About the Author: John G. Barrett is professor emeritus of history at the Virginia Military Institute.
He is author of several books, including The Civil War in North Carolina,
and coeditor of North Carolina Civil War Documentary.
Recommended
Reading: On Sherman's Trail: The Civil War's
North Carolina Climax. Description: Join journalist and historian Jim Wise as he follows Sherman's
last march through the Tar Heel State from Wilson's Store
to the surrender at Bennett Place. Retrace the steps
of the soldiers at Averasboro and Bentonville. Learn about what the civilians faced as the Northern army approached and view
the modern landscape through their eyes. Whether you are on the road or in a comfortable armchair, you will enjoy this memorable,
well-researched account of General Sherman's North Carolina
campaign and the brave men and women who stood in his path.
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