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Civil War Battle of Roanoke Island, North Carolina
Other Names: Fort Huger
Location: Dare County
Campaign: Burnside's North Carolina Expedition (February-June 1862)
Date(s): February 7-8, 1862
Principal Commanders: Brig. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside [US]; Brig.
Gen. Henry Wise [CS]
Forces Engaged: 10,500 total (US 7,500; CS 3,000)
Estimated Casualties: 2,907 total (US 37K/214W/13M; CS 23K/58W/62M/2,500
Captured)
| Roanoke Island, NC |

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| Courtesy Microsoft MapPoint |
Description: On February
7, Brig. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside landed 7,500 men on the southwestern side of Roanoke Island in an amphibious operation launched
from Fort Monroe. The next morning, supported by gunboats, the Federals assaulted the Confederate forts (see Burnside's North Carolina Expedition) on the narrow waist of the island, driving back and out-maneuvering
Brig. Gen. Henry Wise’s outnumbered command. After losing less than 100 men, the Confederate commander on the field,
Col. H. M. Shaw, surrendered about 2,500 soldiers and 32 guns. Burnside had secured an important outpost on the Atlantic
Coast, tightening the blockade. Roanoke Island was a strategic objective in Gen. Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan. (See Battle of Roanoke Island: A History.)
By late spring 1862, Union soldiers occupied Hatteras Inlet and controlled the towns of Plymouth, Washington and New Bern. The loss of most of the North Carolina coast and coastal waterways was a blow both to Confederate morale and the young
nation's ability to supply its armies in the field. But aside from a few raids from those bases, the Union forces didn't
advance until Sherman entered North Carolina in March-April 1865, in what is commonly referred to as Sherman's March.
Result(s): Union victory
Source: National Park Service
Recommended Reading: The
Civil War on Roanoke Island North Carolina: Portrait of
the Past (Hardcover). Description: Even
though the Civil War on Hatteras Island ended with the capture of Hatteras by Union forces,
the Outer Banks role in the war continued. Brigadier General Ambrose Burnside continued his expedition into Roanoke Island
in 1862, along with flag officer L. J. Goldsborough, Colonel Rush Hawkins of the Ninth New York Zouves, and many others, causing
great upheaval and dissonance to the simple lives of the islanders. Continued below...
The pictures
can almost tell the story, but the rich historical detail in the text is absolutely fascinating. This book features drawings
by James Wells Champney, who was also stationed at Fort Macon
in the Outer Banks with the Union forces. In addition, journal entries and personal correspondence of soldiers such as Charles
F. Johnson and Capt. William Chase (of the 4th Rhode Island)
and the development of freedom's colony allow the reader a truly personal look into the soldiers' lives during these trying
times.
Recommended
Reading: The
Civil War on the Outer Banks: A History of the Late Rebellion Along the Coast of North Carolina from Carteret to Currituck
With Comments on Prewar Conditions and an Account of (Hardcover: 243 pages). Description: The ports at Beaufort, Wilmington, New Bern and Ocracoke, part of the Outer Banks (a chain of barrier islands that
sweeps down the North Carolina coast from the Virginia Capes to Oregon Inlet), were strategically vital for the import
of war materiel and the export of cash producing crops. From official records, contemporary newspaper accounts, personal journals
of the soldiers, and many unpublished manuscripts and memoirs, this is a full
accounting of the Civil War along the North Carolina coast.
Recommended
Reading: The
Civil War in Coastal North Carolina (175 pages) (North Carolina Division of Archives and History). Description: From the drama of blockade-running to graphic descriptions of battles on the state's islands and sounds,
this book portrays the explosive events that took place in North Carolina's coastal region during the Civil War.
Topics discussed include the strategic importance of coastal North Carolina,
Federal occupation of coastal areas, blockade-running, and the impact of war on civilians along the Tar Heel coast.
Recommended
Reading: Ironclads and Columbiads:
The Coast (The Civil War in North Carolina)
(456 pages). Description: Ironclads
and Columbiads covers some of the most important battles and campaigns in the state. In January 1862, Union forces
began in earnest to occupy crucial points on the North Carolina
coast. Within six months, Union army and naval forces effectively controlled coastal North Carolina
from the Virginia line south to present-day Morehead
City. Union setbacks in Virginia, however, led to the withdrawal of many
federal soldiers from North Carolina, leaving only enough Union troops to hold a few coastal strongholds—the vital ports
and railroad junctions. The South during the Civil War, moreover, hotly contested the North’s ability to maintain its
grip on these key coastal strongholds.
Recommended
Reading: Storm over Carolina: The Confederate Navy's Struggle for Eastern
North Carolina. Description: The struggle for control of the eastern waters of North Carolina
during the War Between the States was a bitter, painful, and sometimes humiliating one for the Confederate navy. No better
example exists of the classic adage, "Too little, too late." Burdened by the lack of adequate warships, construction
facilities, and even ammunition, the South's naval arm fought bravely and even recklessly to stem the tide of the Federal
invasion of North Carolina from the raging Atlantic. Storm Over Carolina is the account of the Southern navy's struggle in North Carolina waters and it is a saga of crushing defeats interspersed with moments of
brilliant and even spectacular victories. It is also the story of dogged Southern determination and incredible perseverance
in the face of overwhelming odds. Continued below...
For most of
the Civil War, the navigable portions of the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Chowan, and Pasquotank rivers were
occupied by Federal forces. The Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, as well as most of the coastal towns and counties, were also
under Union control. With the building of the river ironclads, the Confederate navy at last could strike a telling blow against
the invaders, but they were slowly overtaken by events elsewhere. With the war grinding to a close, the last Confederate vessel
in North Carolina waters was destroyed. William T. Sherman
was approaching from the south, Wilmington was lost, and the
Confederacy reeled as if from a mortal blow. For the Confederate navy, and even more so for the besieged citizens of eastern
North Carolina, these were stormy days indeed. Storm Over Carolina describes their story, their struggle, their history.
Try the Search Engine for Related Studies: Complete list of all North Carolina Civil War Battles, Battlefields,
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